摘要:

AbstractProboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) social organization was studied at the Natai Lengkuas station, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia. Data were collected on ten one‐male groups and two all‐male groups using scan sampling and event sampling during follows, and through evening census surveys. Proboscis monkeys were found to form stable one‐male groups. Specific groups associated at their sleeping sites, in a manner similar to the fission‐fusion pattern described for hamadryas and gelada baboons. Analyses performed on these associations indicated that the groups formed two separate bands. These separate bands appear to be a secondary level of organization, distinct from the primary level of organization, the one‐male and all‐male groups. This is the first evidence for such a two‐tiered system of organization in an arboreal colobine species. Proboscis monkeys closely resemble gelada baboons in their organizational pattern. In both species, adult females direct the majority of their affiliative behavior towards their offspring and other adult females, males do not engage in active herding, all‐male groups are present, and one‐male groups do spend time apart from other groups. Home ranges of both groups and of bands of proboscis monkeys overlapped extensively; temporal avoidance between bands may have been mediated by early morning vocalizations and branch

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHydrolysis, extraction, and radioimmunoassay techniques for the estimation of excreted testosterone metabolites in the urine of saddle‐back tamarins have been validated and are described. The steroids measured with the testosterone antiserum used are mostly present as glucuronides and sulfates. Immunoreactivity in high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions of urinary extracts and in a standard mixture of cortisol, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were compared. The fractions with the same retention data as testosterone accounted for the major part of the immunoreactivity. Several other immunoreactive compounds of unknown identity were present in low concentrations. These results suggest that testosterone conjugates are the major steroid metabolites measured with this method inSaguinus fuscicollis. Urinary testosterone levels of castrated males were much lower than those of intact males. Testosterone treatment of castrated males resulted in a temporary superphysiological increase in the levels of urinary testosterone and in an individually variable increase in the levels of the minor immunoreactive compounds. These results suggest that estimation of testosterone metabolite levels in urine is a valid method for the assessment of testicular activity inSaguinus fuscicol

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAmong group‐housed maleCercopithecus aethiops, dominant animals have higher concentrations of whole bood serotonin (WBS) than their subordinate counterparts. In contrast, there appears to be no relationship between social status and WBS inMacaca nemestrina. We report here the relationship between social status and WBS among 29 maleMacaca fascicularishoused in groups of five. Membership in these groups was disrupted periodically (20 times in 26 months) with a reorganization manipulation. Concentrations of WBS were assessed just prior to the 20th (final) social reorganization and at 1, 2, and 5 weeks following that reorganization. Correlations between these repeated samples were high, indicating considerable intraindividual stability in WBS. Overall, there were no persistent differences in WBS between clearly dominant (ranked 1 or 2) and subordinate (ranked 3, 4, or 5) monkeys, despite the substantial behavioral differences between such animals and the stability of social status across time. A multivariate analysis indicated that WBS was best predicted by a model that included a positive relationship with the interaction between rate of grooming and social status (P<0.002), a negative relationship with extreme aggressiveness (P= 0.03), and a positive relationship with time spent alone (P<0.04). Further analysis of the social status by grooming rate interaction revealed that WBS was higher in dominants than subordinates, butonlyif the dominants also initiated grooming frequently. These differences in the relationship WBS and social status inC. aethiopsandM. fascicularismay reflect differences in the behavioral dynamics underlying the dominance hierarchies in small groups of these two specie

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData on feeding behavior in one group of muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) were collected during a 14 month study at Fazenda Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Muriquis devoted an average of 51% of their annual feeding time to leaves, 32% to fruits, and 11% to flowers. The high proportion of leaves in their diet is consistent with predictions from the energetics of body size. However, they devoted a greater proportion of their feeding time to patchy fruit and flower resources than was expected from comparisons with smaller, sympatric howler monkeys. Muriqui diet varied with the availability of preferred food types across sample months. Fruit and flower consumption corresponded to the availability and abundance of these food resources in the forest. Leaves contributed substantially to muriqui diet throughout the year but appeared to be eaten primarily to provide necessary protein and/or necessary bulk. Male and female diets differed only in the greater proportion of feeding time females devoted to flowers.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA data collection method using lap‐top computers and bar codes was developed and used in behavioral research. The studies involved several common sampling methods and a variety of study subjects. Advantages and restrictions of the system are discussed. Overall, we found bar code technology to increase both efficiency and accuracy of behavioral data collectio

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY