摘要:

AbstractThe use of common names which may encompass a number of subspecies or species is pervasive in the biomedical literature. Failure to identify the complete taxonomic classification of research subjects presents a source of error for scientists attempting to evaluate results or to repeat experiments. This paper examines the problem in a common animal model, the baboon. Analyses of the genetic distances among five baboon subspecies (Papio hamadryas anubis, P.h. cynocephalus, P.h. papio, P.h. ursinus, andP.h. hamadryas) based on blood marker information from nine polymorphic protein loci (ADA, APRT, C3, CA1, CA2, GPI, MPI, PEPB, and PGD) available for baboons resident at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research are presented. Statistical tests on the distances showed that significant genetic differences exist among the subspecies. A comparison ofP.h. anubisandP.h. cynocephalusrevealed that these two subspecies also differ significantly for biomedically relevant lipoprotein cholesterol levels, as can be predicted from the genetic distances. The results emphasize the pitfalls of using different types of baboons interchangeably in experimental protocols.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHand preference was assessed in 12 gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), 13 orang‐utans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii), and 9 gibbons (Hylobates lar) by using a floor retrieval task and a mesh retrieval task. Hand preference was also assessed in 8 gorillas and 8 orang‐utans by using a task involving the unfastening of a hasp. A bipedal requirement during testing (mesh retrieval task) facilitated detection of hand preferences. A significant left‐hand preference was found for the gibbons with 6 of 6 gibbons preferring their left hand on the mesh retrieval task. Similarly, a significant right‐hand preference was found for the gorillas with 10 of 12 gorillas preferring their right hand on the mesh retrieval task. The data for the orang‐utan suggest a bimodal distribution on all tasks. Since the gibbon and gorilla in the wild engage in bipedal locomotion more frequently than the orangutan, one possible interpretation for these results correlates the degree of bipedal behavior of a species in its natural environment with its readiness to exhibit a unilateral population‐level hand

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) social organization was studied at the Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia, for 12 months. Data were collected on one‐male groups and all‐male groups by using scan sampling and event sampling while following groups. Evening census surveys were also conducted. Proboscis monkeys were found to follow the typical Asian colobine pattern of one‐male social groups, with extra‐group males forming all‐male groups. These groups appear stable, with few changes in membership. One‐male groups appear to be “female bonded”; adult females direct affiliative behaviors towards their offspring and other adult females, not towards the male. Nearest‐neighbor data indicate some peripheralization of

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNewly proposed federal regulations will mandate that singly caged non‐human primates be kept in cages larger than the current minimum standard, or be given 4 hours in an exercise cage per week. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of increasing cage size in improving well‐being, the behavioral and heart rate responses of 10 female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to three different cage sizes were measured. With the exception of vocalizations, no significant differences in behavior were obtained. Grunts increased in the largest cage, following the birth of an infant in a cage within view of the test cages. No differences with respect to cage size were found in heart rate or activity level, although there were significant variations at different times of day. We conclude that modest increases in cage size are less likely to enrich the environment of singly caged laboratory primates than are changes in social opportunities or increases in environmental complex

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCapacitation and the acrosome reaction in squirrel monkey seminal spermatozoa diluted in Tyrode's medium (TALP) and TC‐199 were monitored by a chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence assay. Four CTC patterns, similar to those found in human sperm, were readily characterized by fluorescent staining on the heads of the spermatozoa. The appearance of the capacitated (CP) pattern was dependent on the concentration of the bovine serum albumin. Acrosomal loss was observed in a maximum of 15% of the sperm in the populations studied here. Calcium ionophore A23187 (5 μM to 20μM) induced acrosomal loss in 60–70% of capacitated spermatozoa. However in freshly ejaculated sperm incubated under capacitating conditions or in spermatozoa incubated in Ca+ +‐free medium, A23187 failed to induce acrosomal loss. Furthermore, spermatozoa incubated in the presence of seminal plasma or spermatozoa obtained following a 1‐hour “swim‐up” procedure showed an identical timecourse of appearance of the CP pattern, indicating the lack of effect of seminal plasma on capacitation in the

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree new blood group systems, called “T,” “U,” and “V,” have been identified in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Each system consists of a single antigenic factor (blood group) detected by a monospecific alloimmune reagent that agglutinates erythrocytes. The antisera that detect these blood groups were obtained following a series of alloimmunizations and absorption fractionizations of the resulting antisera to produce operationally monospecific typing reagents. Analyses of family data indicated that each blood group was controlled by an autosomal dominant gene and that each system was independent of previously defined systems. With the addition of these new blood groups, we can identify 16 different blood group systems and well over one hundred million possible phenotypes in t

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForm and function of a specific kind of biting were studied in a captive group of stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) composed of 1 adult male and 10 females. Behavior patterns were recorded with all occurrence and scan sampling techniques. Formal biting consisted of slowly gripping with teeth a part of the body of an apparently willing partner, most often the forearms, lips, or eyebrows. It may occur either following an agonistic interaction or outside the context of aggression. Such biting was directed from dominants towards subordinates, and appeared especially frequently between individuals having frequent agonistic interactions. It is concluded that this behavior represents a ritualized interaction expressing formal dominance between partners.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY