摘要:

AbstractPersonality ratings were completed in 97 socially living vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) ranging in age from 19 months to 14 years. Monkeys were rated on 17 distinct items on three separate occasions over a 14 month period. For each rating session, factor analysis resulted in similar factors: socially competent, playful/curious, and opportunistic, which are provisionally labeled as personality features.Individuals' scores on the three factors were linked to the subjects' social status, age, and sex. Relative to subordinate animals, dominant individuals had higher scores on the socially competent and lower scores on the opportunistic factors. Juvenile and subadult animals scored higher on playful/curious and opportunistic factors than adults. Females had higher scores on the opportunistic factor than males. Scores on the three factors changed during maturation, which suggests that some aspects of personality are age‐ and context‐dependent.When group composition and social status were unaltered, intraindividual differences in factor scores were as consistent over time as were the rates of social grooming, being in proximity to others, resting, and other overt behaviors. Alterations in social status, group composition, and group membership were associated with changes in factor scores among some, but not all animals.These observations suggest that studies assessing personality can supplement ethological investigations of nonhuman primate behavior, and support the view that nonhuman Primates can serve as models for important features of human behavior. © 1994 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCaptive adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) produce whistlelike “phee” calls in two contexts: in the home cage, where phee calls may function as part of territorial marking behavior, and when separated from social companions, where phee calls may function to reunite conspecifics. Natural and synthesized calls representing the acoustic structure of male and female calls in each context were presented to adult marmosets in a playback paradigm. Marmosets demonstrated discriminative abilities according to the context of the call and the caller's sex. Vocal and behavioral responses indicated increased vigilance and territorial behavior, following playbacks of naturally produced calls as well as synthetic calls. All animals scanned more frequently following produced calls as well as synthetic calls. All animals scanned more frequently following natural home cage as well as isolation calls, but only increased contact behavior (trills) in response to home cage calls. The responses were dimorphic according to the sex of the caller, where adult males scanned more following male calls, and adult females were more aggressive following male and female calls. The differential behavioral responses to playbacks of marmoset phee calls suggest a biological relevance to subtle differences found in the acoustic parameters of the phee call. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, in the public domain in the United States of A

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) give double‐grunts to one another in a variety of situations, when feeding, resting, moving, or engaged in other kinds of social behavior. Some double‐grunts elicit double‐grunts in reply whereas others do not. Double‐grunts are individually distinctive, and high‐ranking animals give double‐grunts at higher rates than others. There was no evidence, however, that the probability of eliciting a reply depended upon either the animals' behavior at the time a call was given or the social relationship between caller and respondent. The probability of eliciting a reply could be predicted from a double‐grunt's acoustic features. Gorillas apparently produce at least two acoustically different subtypes of double‐grunts, each of which conveys different information. Double‐grunts with a low second formant (typically1600 Hz) are given by animals within 5 s of a call from another individual and rarely elicit replies. ©

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn observation of the birth of a feral yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) is reported. Over an approximate 45‐min period, the late stages of labor, parturition, cleaning of the infant, and consumption of the placenta were observed. The labor and parturition occurred in the late afternoon/early evening hours, and within 5 m of the observer. A review of the literature on feral births suggests that selection may have favored both the timing and the location of births. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPredation on an adult female yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) by a lioness is reported. This predation occurred in full daylight within 10 m of the observer. The high incidence of disappearances of adult females from the study troop during a one‐year period is reported and the potential long‐term demographic effects upon the troop resulting from this one year's high number of disappearances discussed. These disappearances may be due to predation. We suggest that lion predation upon baboons, and baboon deaths and disappearances in general, in the Tana Reserve, may be inversely related to rainfall. We also report that there does not appear to be a long‐term sex difference in vulnerability to death or disappearance. © 1994 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring an intertroop encounter, an infanticide was observed in a population of ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Berenty Reserve, Madagascar. The killer was a male that had not been previously observed to mate with any females in the infant's troop. This observation, combined with other observations of infanticidal behavior by males at Berenty Reserve and the Duke University Primate Center, is consistent with the hypothesis that infanticide is a reproductive tactic for some male ringtailed lemurs. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY