摘要:

AbstractThe effects of adding woodchip litter to bare‐floored pens, burying monkey chow in the woodchips, and scattering sunflower seeds in woodchips was studied in 2 stable social groups of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to ascertain the effects of these manipulations on levels of foraging, exploration, abnormal behavior, social interactions, and urinary cortisol levels. The addition of woodchips increased exploration and feeding levels and decreased social interactions. Burial of regular monkey chow in woodchips had little effect on behavior beyond that of the woodchips alone, increasing exploration and decreasing passivity. The addition of sunflower seeds to the woodchips encouraged increased feeding and exploration and led to decreases in passivity and social interaction. There was little discernible effect of woodchip enrichment on urinary cortisol values. In contrast to some previous studies, there was no effect of wood chips or sunflower seeds on the occurrence of agonistic interactions, play, or abnormal behavior pattern

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData available on behavior and morphology ofPan paniscus(bonobos) suggest that terrestrial herbaceous vegetation (THV) is an important component of their diet and that it may be preferred by bonobos to a greater extent than by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). It has also been reported that THV is ubiquitously distributed in the lowland rain forests inhabited by bonobos. These data suggest that THV exploitation may be causally related to the evolution of the more cohesive social system found in bonobos compared to that of chimpanzees. Here, we present data that quantify the spatial distribution of THV in the Lomako Forest, an analysis of the nutrient content of the plant parts commonly consumed, and patterns of THV consumption in relation to its distribution. The data clearly demonstrate that THV, and particularlyHaumania liebrechtsiana(Marantaceae), is ubiquitously distributed as previously suggested. However, THV feeding patches are rare because of distinct feeding preferences. Bonobos preferentially chooseH. liebrechtsianaover other species of THV, choose patches with larger stems, and, within patches, choose larger stems over smaller stems. The plant parts chosen are high in proteins and relatively low in carbohydrates. Given the selectivity of the study population and the patchy distribution of THV, it is unlikely that THV has been responsible for the evolution of the unique social system reported for bonobos. Data presented on party size are consistent with this conclusion.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports a systematic pattern of homosexual incest avoidance among females in a captive group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) culled from the Arashiyama‐West troop known for its high rates of female homosexuality. The study group included three matrilines and two generations. Between eight and 11 females were sexually active over four consecutive mating seasons, and all engaged in both heterosexual and homosexual activity. While all females performed homosexual acts with almost all possible non‐kin partners, they systematically avoided homosexual interactions with their mother, daughters, and sisters. This pattern could not be explained either in terms of kin not being simultaneously in estrus, kin avoiding affiliative interactions in general, or non‐kin utilizing the tension‐reducing effect of estrus to affiliate exclusively with each other. In contrast to homosexual females, heterosexual pairs of relatives (brother‐sister, mother‐son) were sometimes incestuous. Assuming that female homosexuality expresses the reproductive strategy of females unconstrained by male influence, the present results point to the strong tendency of females to avoid incest and suggest that males are primarily responsible for the reported exceptions to inces

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral genera of platyrrhine monkeys show significant polymorphism of color vision. By contrast, catarrhine monkeys have usually been assumed to have uniform trichromatic color vision. However, the evidential basis for this assumption is quite limited. To study this issue further, spectral sensitivity functions were obtained from vervet monkeys(Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus)using the technique of electroretinographic flicker photometry. Results from a chromatic adaptation experiment indicated that each of the twelve subjects had two classes of cone pigment in the 540/640 nm portion of the spectrum. That result strongly suggests that this species has routine trichromatic color vision. Comparison of the spectral sensitivity functions obtained from vervets and from similarly‐tested humans further indicates that the cone complements of the two species are very similar. Results from this investigation add further support to the idea that there are fundamental differences in the genetic mechanisms underlying color vision in platyrrhine and catarrhine monkey

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe breech birth of an infant mantled howling monkey was observed on February 12, 1990. The mother assisted the successful delivery by pulling on the infant's tail and hindleg. No other members of the social group attended the mother or demonstrated any interest in the birth process.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChanges in parathyroid hormone and its second messenger cyclic AMP have been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Nonhuman primate models have been useful in the study of osteoporosis, but the physiology of mineral metabolism in certain species is different than in humans. We investigated parameters of mineral metabolism in 15 normal adult female cynomolgus and 14 normal adult female rhesus monkeys. In both species, urinary cyclic AMP was increased compared with humans, and the nephrogenous cyclic AMP in the cynomolgus monkeys was also elevated. Despite this, there was no evidence for hyperparathyroidism in either species as evaluated by serum or plasma phosphorus and midregion‐specific and/or aminoterminal‐specific immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. Given the increasing use of nonhuman primates in the study of osteoporosis, understanding basic changes in mineral metabolism is important before pathologic effects of bone loss can be underst

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350230301

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY