摘要:

AbstractReproductive failure among captive and free‐ranging macaques is common. Many females experience amenorrhea or anovular cycles. Females who successfully conceive often lose the conceptus before implantation. After implantation, fetuses are aborted because of maternal, paternal, fetal, or placental abnormalities. Death postpartum is likely if infants are premature or if animals are subject to social stress, especially trauma. Based on published reports, reproductive failure among macaques includes an average of 16.3% abortions, 9.9% stillbirths, 21.9% neonatal deaths, and 15.2% infant death

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350020202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSolitary and paired adult (nine) and subadult (one) male chacma baboons,Papio ursinus, were observed over a period of years living in part of a wooded desert canyon not used by adjacent troops. These extratroop males were silent when alone and gave only one alarm vocalization, the “wa‐hoo” call, when paired. The space occupied by them is unsuitable for use by troops according to criteria for adequate sleeping sites and access to water. But the foods available to them, especially figs, but also other fruits and fresh acacia seeds, were abundant. These foods are more highly preferred by baboons than those foods available to troop members. Troop members deplete these resources and shift to less preferred foods with lower water content and longer processing times. All of the adult members of the troop adjacent to these isolated males were infected with a skin disease. Isolated males were not so afflicted and so cannot have originated from, or ever been a part of, this troop. They probably moved to the space where they were observed from other inland troops, traveling to their current home range along the narrow canyon river c

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350020203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the autonomic innervation of the carotid sinus and heart in the rhesus monkey. Nine male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and one male crab‐eating macaque (M. fascicularis) were carefully dissected from the origin of the vagus nerves and superior cervical ganglia to the level of the fourth thoracic ganglion. The specimens were either freshly killed or obtained no later than 24 hours post mortem. The macaque monkeys were found to possess an innervation pattern that displayed features common to dog (connections between the vagus nerves and middle cervical ganglia), baboon (distinct cervical sympathetic and cervical vagal nerve trunks), and man (nerves projecting from the middle cervical and stellate ganglia to the heart). Distinct inferior cervical and first thoracic ganglia were never seen, but rather, large and well defined stellate ganglia were found. The macaque innervation pattern, when considered as a whole, most closely resembled the baboo

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350020204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUrine samples were taken daily during 22 menstrual cycles of six normal adult female gorillas. Urine was analyzed for total immunoreactive estrogens (Et) and pregnanediol‐3‐glucuronide (PdG) and indexed by creatinine (Cr). An average cycle length of 32 ± 1 days (mean ± SE) with a range of 25–42 days is reported. Estrogen values range from 4 to 128 ng/mg Cr and show a midcycle peak and a midluteal rise. PdG values range from 0.01 to 2.4 μg/mg Cr and display a low, flat follicular phase followed by a luteal elevation. The follicular phase is 19.5 ± 1 days in length (range 11–30 days) and accounts for the variation in cycle length. The luteal phase is 12.3 ± 0.3 days long (range 10–14 days). In contrast to previous studies, PdG levels rise two days before the estrogen peak. The results from the present study are compared with information available on the gorilla, chimpanzee, and human. The accuracy of various alignment methods is discussed, as well as the importance of the methods presented in this study for the captive propagati

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350020205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNine spontaneous malignomas of the tree shrew were detected and analysed during an observation period of nine years. The tumours were histopathologically examined and classified. All malignomas developed in importedTupaiaonly. From the tumour cells of two different animals newTupaiaherpesviruses were isolated. This is the first. report on spontaneous malignomas ofTupaiain captivity.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350020206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe patterns of infant care and development in family groups of the monogamous titi (Callicebus moloch). Three infant titis were observed with their natal family groups over the first six months of life. Field observations of extensive male involvement with infants were confirmed. Adult males were clearly the infants' primary social companions, and infants spent more time in contact with adult males at all ages than with mothers or older siblings. However, mothers and siblings also carried infants at times and interacted with them in affiliative ways (e.g., grooming, nuzzling, play). Mothers often invited nursing, but otherwise it was infants who primarily initiated transfers between carriers and approaches to parents, reminding us that the infants' own activities and their effects on caregivers should not be overlooked in considerations of the patterns of infant care. This is particularly important for those species exhibiting extensive parental involvement by males. It is suggested that substantial male care of young titi infants leads to several important consequences for the infant's social development, including the development of a stronger attachment to the father than the mother.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350020207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProcedures are described for vaginal swabbing and venipuncture in a gang‐caged, mixed‐sex group of stumptailed macaques. The design of the gang cages facilitated venipuncture and swabbing which were done without undue disturbance of the vivarium routine, without seriously stressing colony members, and without interfering with the monkeys' established social relationsh

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350020208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo regression methods are proposed for estimating age in nonhuman primates from deciduous dental eruption data. The first method consists of step‐wise multiple regression using dental eruption state (present/absent) of each tooth as independent variables. The second method uses the total number of teeth erupted as an independent variable in an exponential model. We applied both methods to a sample of 175 well nourished infant and juvenile baboons (Papio sp.), housed in an outdoor breeding corral, and ranging in age from birth to 763 days. From this sample, 129 animals were used to compute the regression formulae, and 46 animals were used for cross validation. Both models show good overall fits and high predictive accuracy with the independent cross validation sampl

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350020209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe frequency of use of diagonal walking by three motorically immature vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) is discussed. The subjects were housed at The Balcones Research Center (Austin, Texas) and ranged from 15–105 days of age. Mixed longitudinal data taken from film indicated that lateral walknig was the first gait employed by the infant vervets studied, but that diagonal walking completely replaced lateral walking by 81 days of age. These data were compared with those of captive infantMacaca mulatta, and feral infantPapio anubis.General agreement was found regarding onset and frequency of use of diagonal walking in the three gener

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350020210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA myelolipoma was surgically removed from the abdomen of a 15‐year‐old female cottontop marmoset (Saguinus oedipus). Because of its close adherence to the right kidney, a unilateral nephrectomy was performed. The post‐surgical recovery was uneventful. A myelolipoma is a circumscribed mass of bone marrow elements embedded in mature adipose tissue. These masses have been reported in the adrenal glands, paravertebral tissue, intrathoracic tissues, and mesentery of man. A similar condition has been observed in the liver and spleen of both captive and wild felidae. This report documents the first observation of this tumor‐like condition in nonhuman primates with the possible exception of a subcutaneous myeloliposarcoma in

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350020211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY