摘要:

AbstractThe effects of temporary removal of the alpha male on the behavior of subordinate adult male vervet monkeys were evaluated. Twelve subordinate males from six captive multimale, multifemale vervet monkey groups were observed in two conditions: when all group members were present and when the alpha male was temporarily removed from each group. In the absence of the alpha male, subordinate males initiated more affiliative behavior and increased the amount of time spent in proximity to females but their rates of aggression were unaltered. Increased affiliative behavior was selectively directed to high‐ranking females and their offspring. Under removal conditions, subordinate male behavior did not resemble that of alpha males in intact conditions: they differed in their proximity to and affiliative behavior towards other group members. In the absence of the alpha male, females increased their aggression towards subordinate males.These observations suggest that the presence of alpha males strongly inhibits subordinate males' behavior. When the constraints of the alpha male's presence are removed, subordinate males rapidly engage in behavior that may enhance their likelihood of attaining high rank. In combination with prior studies, the data also indicate that the behaviors involved in the maintenance of high rank by alpha males differ from those subordinates use to acquire dominance. Finally the current study supports the view that aggression by female vervets may be highly influential in determining male ascendency to dominant ran

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350260202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper explores the effect that a dependent rhesus macaque infant (Macaca mulatta) has on the timing of its mother's resumption of mating. Toward this end, behavioral data from the rhesus populations at Tughlaqabad, India, and Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, are compared. Specifically, the intervals between parturition and subsequent resumption of mating for individual parous females are examined in order to shed light on the relative importance of environmental and internal factors (such as lactational infertility) in the control of rhesus mating behvior. At both study sites it was found that the later a given female gave birth during a birth season the shorter was her parturition‐mating interval and the younger was her infant when she resumed mating activity. It is suggested that this finding is the result of an interaction of environmental and internal factors; both act in concert to determine how soon after parturition a particular rhesus female will resume mating activit

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350260203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrior studies have shown that female cotton‐top tamarins usually do not ovulate while living with natal groups, and most females do not ovulate until they are paired with an unfamiliar adult male. To examine the role of unfamiliar adult males on stimulating ovarian function, four cotton‐top females were studied during three conditions: females living with their natal group for six weeks, living alone but exposed to a single unfamiliar adult male located 15 cm away from the female's cage for four weeks, and living with an unfamiliar adult male for six weeks. Behavior and urinary hormonal concentrations were measured during the three conditions. Exposure to the male consisted of visual, auditory, and airborne olfactory contact. First ovulation occurred during exposure to the unfamiliar male in three of the four females indicating that direct physical or sexual contact with the male is not required for onset of ovarian cycling. The fourth female did not ovulate even during six weeks of direct contact with the unfamiliar adult male. In addition, four parous females in either family groups (3) or singly caged (1) were examined for ovarian function 4–6 months after the death or removal of their mates. All femals continued to cycle in the absence of the male indicating that the male was not needed to continue ovarian cycling. In fact, two of the females were pregnant at the time their males died and both delivered normal infants and resumed cycling. The results of this study indicate that an unfamiliar adult male may facilitate the onset of ovarian cycling without being in direct contact with the female and visual, auditory, or airborne olfactory cues may be involved. Once repeated ovarian cycling occurs the male is not required to maintain ovarian fun

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350260204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe behavior of a free‐ranging group of buffy‐headed marmosets (Callithrix flaviceps) was observed in detail over a five‐month period following the birth of twins. Infant care, principally carrying and food sharing, were analyzed and the variation both between age‐sex classes and through time investigated. Potentially reproductive males exhibited a relatively high degree of interest in the infants during the first week following birth, but their provision of care was otherwise little different from that of other group members. The data are considered in relation to the factors stimulating care‐giving behavior and possible differences between callitrichid genera are

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350260205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the relationships between male agonistic, affiliative, and sexual behaviors and female estrus condition in captive adolescent and young‐adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Data on agonistic, affiliative, and sexual behaviors of 11 males living in three social groups were collected during daily 45 minute observations over a 5 month period. Female estrus condition was assessed daily using the relative size of the female's ano‐genital swelling. It was hypothesized that the presence of maximally tumescent females would generate conflicts between males, so an increase in inter‐male agonism was predicted. Males exhibited higher rates of agonism toward other males when at least one female in the group was maximally tumescent. Male affiliative behavior directed toward other males and social play with males were affected by the presence and number of maximally tumescent females. Male sexual behavior increased when maximally tumescent females were pr

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350260206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) socioecology was studied at the Natai Lengkuas Station, Tanjung Puting National Park, in Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia. Data on the nature of intergroup interactions were collected on ten one‐male groups and two all‐male groups using event sampling during follows and also through evening census surveys. Proboscis monkeys form stable one‐male groups, with specific groups regularly associating at their sleeping sites (band members). Both intraband and interband high‐intensity agonistic displays (slapping, chasing, biting) were rare. Lower intensity agonistic displays (vocalizations, leaping‐branch shaking, and erect penis and open‐mouth displays) occurred frequently. Temporal avoidance between bands may have been mediated by early morning vocalizations and branch shaking displays by the adult males. Associations between groups may play a role in displacement avoidance and/or predatio

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350260207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350260209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350260210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350260211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350260212

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY