ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although it is clear that the majority of patients with pancreas divisum have no clinical disease, there is a subset of patients who have either unexplained abdominal pain or recurrent pancreatitis. Endoscopic therapy of the minor papilla may alter the clinical course of those patients with pancreas divisum and recurrent pancreatitis. Manometric study of the minor papilla is feasible and reveals a sphincter mechanism similar to the major papilla. Clinical response to endoscopic therapy may aid in selecting patients who might benefit from surgical sphincteroplasty. Refinement of manometric study of the minor papilla offers a potential method of detecting functional obstruction of dorsal duct drainage.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The study evaluates two methods of assay of fecal chymotrypsin (titrimetric and spectrophotometric method) as an index of exocrine pancreatic function. The assay was performed on 101 control subjects and 128 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients by the first method, and 75 controls and 102 CF patients by the second method. CF subjects were subdivided into four groups based on pancreatic function: total pancreatic insufficiency in the first group, partial pancreatic insufficiency in the second group, normal pancreatic function in the third group, and pancreatic insufficiency plus enzymatic treatment in the fourth group. Fifty-four CF patients were examined in the first group, 27 in the second group, 19 in the third group, and 28 in the fourth group by the titrimetric method; 23, 25, 50, and 65, respectively by the spectrophotometric method. The spectrophotometric method was highly reproducible and more sensitive and specific. With such a method the assay on stool random sampling correlated with the duodenal output of chymotrypsin after hormonal stimulation as well as fecal output of 72 h. The test had sensitivity and specificity of 100% if referred to CF patients with total pancreatic insufficiency. It was calculated that CF patients with normal fecal chymotrypsin have a probability of 76% to have a normal pancreatic function and a probability of 24% to have a partially compromised pancreatic function. The assay separates distinctly CF patients with a fat absorption coefficient >90% from those with a coefficient 40%. The test is proposed for current clinical use in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In recent studies performed on pancreatic stones from patients with alcoholic pancreatitis, a novel secretory protein was identified: the pancreatic stone protein (PSP Mr 14,000). This protein suppresses CaCO3. precipitation, and could therefore stabilize normally supersaturated pancreatic juice. Crystallographic analysis of stones from patients with nutritional pancreatitis (NP), as well as alcoholic pancreatitis (AP), revealed that the main constituent was calcite (CaCO3). In the present study, we investigated the organic matrix of NP stones. In the 14 cases studied, the organic matrix was rendered soluble after mineral dissolution with EDTA + citrate. Analysis of the isolated matrix revealed the presence of one major protein (Mr 14,000), and of a minor protein (Mr 30,000), which is in fact an aggregate form of the 14,000 Mr protein. Using PSP antibodies, complete immunological identity was found between PSP, the immunoreactive form of PSP present in nonactivated pancreatic juice, and the protein matrix of NP stones. Moreover, protein matrix of NP stones also inhibited the nucleation of CaCO, crystal, and decreased their growth rate in vitro. The presence of PSP in all AP and NP stones suggests that it plays a key role in stone formation during the course of chronic pancreatitis. These results also suggest the existence of some pathophysiological links between these two apparently different etiological forms of calcifying pancreatitis.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pancreatic lipase was revealed by immunocytochemistry and analyzed biochemically in pancreatic tissue from control, diabetic, and insulintreated diabetic rats. In the three groups of animals, lipase antigenic sites were detected with high resolution in the acinar cells in the compartments involved in protein secretion: rough endoplasrnic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory zymogen granules. The quantitative evaluation of the intensities of labeling has demonstrated that, in contrast to other pancreatic proteins, lipase is concentrated only at the transition between the Golgi apparatus and the condensing vacuoles. This indicates that, although sharing the same secretory pathway as amylase and chymotrypsinogen, lipase may in fact be processed differently. On the other hand, when compared with controls, lipase immunolabelings in tissues with diabetic condition were higher in all the cellular compartments. Treatment of diabetic animals with insulin was found to restore these levels to those obtained in control condition. The biochemical determination of lipase activities in pancreatric tissues confirmed the imrnunocytochemical data. These results, together with those obtained previously for amylase and chymotrypsinogen, indicate that in diabetic condition secretion from the acinar cells is significantly altered, which may influence intestinal digestion and absorption processes. These modifications, and the enhancement of lipase in particular, could play a role in the pathogenesis of the hyperlipidemic condition present in diabetes.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To define the developmental pattern of the trophic effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) and hydrocortisone on immature rat pancreas, we injected newborn rats, rats aged 4.7, 11, 18, and 25 days and 3 months, and adult rats with CCK (5 and 10 μg/kg) in gelatin and hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg) for 3 days. Animals were killed, the pancreata were removed, and the concentrations of DNA and protein were measured and DNA and protein synthesis rates determined by incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [14C]leucine, respectively. These values were compared with those of saline-injected controls. DNA concentration was significantly increased over control at ages 2 days to adult by hydrocortisone and by CCK (10 μg/kg) in the adult. Protein concentration was increased on days 3–14 by hydrocortisone. DNA synthesis was increased by CCK and decreased by hydrocortisone at 3 months and adult. Protein synthesis was decreased by hydrocortisone at ages 3–14 days. Thus, each agent has its own developmental pattern with age on the rat pancreas.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It is known that cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates islet hormone secretion under a variety of experimental conditions. Since CCK occurs in several different molecular forms, with 58, 39, 33, 12, 8, or 4 amino acid residues, the question has evolved as to which is the shortest active form of CCK. We therefore investigated the influences of the C-terminal octapeptide of CCK, CCK-8 (sulfated form) and of the C-terminal tetrapeptide, CCK-4, on the secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin from the pig pancreas in vivo by infusing each of the two peptides into the superior pancreatic artery. We found that islet hormone secretion increased promptly upon infusion of both CCK-8 and CCK-4. Thus, the secretion of insulin was stimulated from 51 ± 12 to 295 ± 70 μU/min during the first 2 min after injection of CCK-8 and from 40 ± 12 to 240 ± 78 μU/min after injection of CCK-4. Similarly, the secretion of glucagon was stimulated from 240 ± 45 to 357 ± 38 μg/min after CCK-8 and from 282 ± 44 to 335 ± 43 μg/min after CCK-4, and somatostatin secretion was stimulated from 112 ± 7 to 226 ± 12 μg/min by CCK-8 and from 105 ± 11 to 246 ± 16 pg/min by CCK-4. With regard to the efficiency to stimulate the secretion of these three islet hormones, CCK-8 and CCK-4 were equipotent. We conclude that in pigs, CCK-8 and CCK-4 both stimulate the secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin from the pancreas in vivo. Hence, the active site in the CCK molecule to stimulate islet hormone secretion in pigs seems to reside in the C-terminal tetrapeptide residue.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We investigated the trophic effect on the pancreas of male Wistar rats fed up to 20 days with either raw soybean flour (RSF) containing an active trypsin inhibitor or heat-inactivated soybean flour (HSF). The concentrations of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in the pancreas as well as cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations in arterial and portal vein plasma were measured. Plasma CCK concentrations were measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay specific for the sulfated region of CCK, whereas polyamine concentrations are determined by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The levels of CCK in both arterial and-portal vein plasma were significantly higher in RSF- compared with HSF-fed rats, the concentration in the portal vein being twice as high compared with the aorta. A significant increase in pancreatic weight and protein content was positively correlated to an increase in putrescine and spermidine in the pancreas of RSF-fed rats compared with HSF-fed controls, whereas the spermine content did not differ between the two groups. The pancreatic DNA content in RSF-fed rats was significantly above control values of day 20 only. These data support the hypothesis that the trophic effect of soybean trypsin inhibitor on the pancreas is mediated by CCK and that polyamines might play an important role in CCK-induced pancreatic growth.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study evaluates the effect of bombesin on pancreatic enzyme secretion in the rat and determines whether the stimulatory action of bombesin is mediated through the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) or via a cholinergic pathway. We performed in vivo experiments on conscious rats prepared with cannulae inserted in the pancreatic duct, in the external jugular vein, and in the duodenum. Intravenous infusion of bombesin stimulated pancreatic protein output in a dose-dependent fashion. Bombesin infused at 5 kg/kg/h stimulated pancreatic protein secretion from a basal of 12 ± 5 to 42 ± 10 mglh. Infusion of proglumide (400 mg/kg/h) did not affect the stimulatory effect of bombesin on pancreatic protein secretion (38 ± 5 mg/h). In contrast, infusion of proglumide abolished the pancreatic protein output elicited by intravenous infusion of CCKS (500 μg/kg/h). This suggests that bombesin does not act through CCK to mediate exocrine pancreatic secretion. In separate studies we intravenously infused rats with atropine (100 μg/kg/h) prior to infusion with bombesin. Administration of atropine slightly decreased secretory volume but did not affect the action of bombesin. Combined administration of atropine and proglumide also did not affect pancreatic protein output stimulated by bombesin. Since infusion of neither proglurnide nor atropine inhibited the stimulatory action of bombesin, the action of bombesin in the rat is probably direct and not through the release of CCK or via a cholinergic pathway.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Bombesin, a 14-amino acid peptide, exhibits direct and indirect effects on the gastrointestinal tract, including release of hormones, stimulation of pancreatic, gastric, and intestinal secretion and intestinal motility. Cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin, two of the hormones released by bombesin, have been shown to play a role in maintaining the growth of normal gastrointestinal mucosa as well as in eliciting trophic responses in normal and neoplastic tissue. We studied the effects of chronic bombesin treatment on the growth of a human ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma (SKI) xenografted into nude mice, and on the growth of the normal nude mouse pancreas. Thirteen nude mice were implanted with SKI tumor and divided into two groups. Mice received 0.1 ml intraperitoneal injections of either bombesin (20 Fg/kg) or the vehicle alone three times per day. Tumor areas were measured twice weekly until death (week 8), at which time the tumors and the host pancreas were excised, weighed, and assayed for protein, RNA, and DNA content. Significant inhibition of tumor growth was found in the bombesin-treated group at weeks 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Tumor area and weight at death (day 57) were significantly less in the bombesin-treated group (48 and 46%) as compared with control. We observed similar inhibition of tumor DNA (39%), RNA (38%), and protein (43%) content compared with controls. In contrast, bombesin significantly increased the weight (64%). protein (81%), and DNA (73%) content of the mouse pancreas compared with controls. We conclude that bombesin acts concurrently as both a trophic agent for normal host pancreas and a growth inhibitory agent in xenografted pancreatic cancer tissue.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID