ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In four conscious dogs infusions of glucose (1 g/kg/h) alone or glucose and galanin (2 μg/kg/h) were undertaken during cryogenic vagal blockade at −2° C or following atropine (100 μg/kg i.v.). When compared to parenteral glucose alone, the addition of galanin substantially elevated plasma glucose and blunted plasma insulin responses. Vagal blockade or atropine failed to alter these effects of galanin on plasma insulin or glucose responses. Moreover, plasma levels of somatostatin, pancreatic glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, growth hormone, and cortisol were unaffected by galanin infusions. Thus, the inhibition of plasma insulin responses to glucose by galanin is mediated by a nonvagal, noncholinergic mechanism and is independent of changes in either plasma pancreatic glucagon or somatostatin levels. Galanin at the dose employed in the study may have direct and selective actions on the B cell and thus play an important role in the neuromodulation of insulin release.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Peptide YY (PYY) is a hormone released from gut after a meal. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of PYY on insulin release stimulated by either 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) or neuropeptides in conscious dogs with gastric and duodenal fistulas. In control experiments dogs received either 2-DG (75 mg/kg i.v. bolus) or atropine (25 μg/kg bolus followed by 20 μg/kg/h i.v.) plus 2-DG (75 mg/kg i.v.) or bethanechol (80 μg/kg/h i.v.1 or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 4 μg/kg i.v. bolus) or gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, 400 pmol/kg/h i.v.) or tetragastrin (G4, 100 μg/dog, i.v. bolus). On separate days, PYY was also infused intravenously in combination with one of the above stimulants. Given intravenously, PYY (200, 400 pmol/kg/h) significantly inhibited 2-DG stimulated-insulin secretion in a dose-dependent fashion. This inhibitory effect also existed in the presence of atropine. Peptide YY (400 pmoYkg/h) depressed the insulin levels in response to GRP or G4 but failed to inhibit bethanechol- and VIP-stimulated insulin release. After administration of the above stimulants, PYY did not modify the blood sugar concentrations. These results demonstrated that PYY might inhibit the cephalic phase of insulin release from dogs triggered by 2-DG and by the neuropeptides GRP and G4. Thus, PYY may play a negative feedback regulatory role on insulin release.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity and pancreatic isoamylase were measured in 302 insulin-dependent diabetic patients (166 men) using radioimmunoassay for the former and a photocolorimetric method for the latter. There was a significant correlation between the two enzymes (r = 0.67, p <0.0001) with lower concentrations of both trypsin-like immunoreactivity (208.8 μg/L) and pancreatic isoamylase (67.5 U/L) in diabetic patients as compared to controls (p <0.0001). Using multiple regression analysis, a statistically significant association was only apparent between enzyme concentrations and age at onset of diabetes (r = 0.31, p <0.0001). The results suggest that impaired exocrine pancreatic function may occur in an appreciable proportion of diabetic patients and also that a primary insult to the exocrine pancreas occurring at the time of endocrine injury may be a contributory factor.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The β-cell function in the perfused pancreas, the total pancreatic insulin content, and the weights of pancreas, kidney, spleen, and total body fat were compared at the age of 30 and 45 days in diabetes-prone and body weight-matched diabetes-resistant male BB rats. These inbred rats had an incidence rate of diabetes at 90 days of age of 80 and 0%, respectively. At day 30, the pancreatic insulin content was reduced in the diabetes-prone (n = 10) rats to I5 pg (range 7.7–31.8) compared with 32 pg (range 23.3–52.9) in the diabetes resistant (n = 10) rats (p <0.01). Although the kinetics of insulin release in response to glucose was maintained, the amount of insulin released in the diabetes-prone rats was decreased (p <0.05) including the first peak (p <0.05). The weight of the spleen was less (p <0.05); whereas the weights of the pancreas, kidney, and total body fat did not differ from those observed in the diabetes-resistant control rats. At 45 days of age, the weight of the pancreas in the diabetes-prone rats (n = 8) was reduced to 159 mg (range 100–190) from 202 mg (range 185–214) (p <0.01). The body weight and body fat were identical to those observed in the diabetes-resistant controls (n = 8) and their kidney (p <0.05) and spleen (p <0.01) were larger. The insulin content was reduced to the same magnitude as the reduction of pancreatic weight.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Five patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) have been treated during 9–12 months with long-acting somatostatin (SMS 201–995). Basal acid output presented a sustained decrease in 4 of 5 cases, below 10 mmoVh in three patients, allowing ranitidine discontinuation. No escape phenomenon was observed. Maximal acid secretion progressively decreased, suggesting an SMS antitrophic effect. Serum gastrin level was affected in a greater extent, showing a mean 87% decrease throughout the treatment period. Thus three patients kept normal serum gastrin levels in the long-term; one escaped to SMS after 9 months. Associated endocrine neoplasia were poorly influenced by SMS. No convincing evidence of tumor size variation was noted. Tolerance of SMS was excellent in the five patients. SMS' antitrophic and antigastrin properties could be of great interest in long-term management of ZES.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Real-time ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and biochemical tests were prospectively performed to detect gallstones in 88 consecutive patients immediately after the onset of an attack of acute pancreatitis. The sensitivity of biochemical tests was 84.6% when the patients had three or more positives of five parameters [including serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alanine transaminase-aspartate transaminase (ALT-AST) ratio]. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 71.8, 98.0, and 86.4% for US, and 52.9%, 100%, and 79.5% for CT. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were improved to 82.1, 100, and 93.2% by the combination of US and CT, and 94.9, 100, and 97.7% by the combination of US and biochemical tests. Adding CT to the combination of US and biochemical tests resulted in only a slight improvement in sensitivity and accuracy. In conclusion, a combination of US and biochemical tests can provide the best noninvasive method in rapidly detecting gallstones as an etiological factor in acute pancreatitis. Computed tomography is not cost-effective. A positive result of biochemical tests despite a negative finding in US calls for an intensive search for gallstones by further investigation with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography or repeated US examinations.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fifty-one patients, 35 men and 16 women, with acute pancreatitis were studied prospectively with early computed tomography (CT). Etiological factors for acute pancreatitis were alcohol abuse (n = 28), gallstones (n = 14), pancreas cancer (n = 3) and miscellaneous (n = 6). Admission serum amylase levels ranged between 68–5,856 U/L with a mean of 1,090 5 1,369 U/L. The mean serum amylase level was significantly different between patients with alcoholic pancreatitis (439 ± 302 U/L) and gallstone pancreatitis (2,480 ± 1,575) (p <0.001). The initial pancreatic CT findings and corresponding mean serum amylase levels were in CT grade A (pancreas normal) 1,499 ± 1,569 U/L (n = 11), in CT grade B (pancreatic enlargement with inflammation confined to pancreas) 1,144 ± 1,542 U/L (n = 18), in CT grade C (inflammatory extension into one peripancreatic space) 722 ± %2 U/L (n = 13) and in CT grade D (inflammatory extension into two or more peripancreatic spaces) 590 ± 369 U/L (n = 9). However, on separating the etiology subgroups, there was no increase or decrease in the serum amylase level with increasing pancreatic inflammatory involvement. Pancreatic complications (pseudocyst, abscess, necrosis) requiring surgical intervention developed only in patients with CT grades C and D. We conclude that within the etiologic subgroups there is no correlation between the initial serum amylase level and the extent of pancreatic involvement visualized by CT. These findings provide a pathological basis for the clinical observation that the initial serum amylase level cannot predict the outcome in acute pancreatitis.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Acute pancreatitis may be complicated by acute lung injury associated with increased lung vascular permeability to plasma protein. The pulmonary accumulation of the plasma protein transferrin, radiolabelled in vivo with indium-1 13m, was monitored using a portable probe radiation detector in sixteen patients with acute pancreatitis. Plasma protein accumulation (PPA) indices were within normal limits (<0.5 × 10–3min−1) in all survivors (n = 10) and elevated in all but one of the non-survivors. All non-survivors had severe acute pancreatitis as judged by standard criteria. Thus increased lung vascular permeability was not a constant feature of uncomplicated acute pancreatitis and was only observed in patients with multisystem failure accompanied by clinically evident acute lung injury.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was undertaken to investigate serially the development, progression, and healing of acute pancreatitis which was induced in rats by the closed duodenal loop technique. Edematous changes appeared within 2 to 4 h. Pancreatic blood flow increased at 1 h and tended to decrease after 3 h. After injection of fesin into the loop, fesin appeared in the periacinar space and acinar cells after 4 h. Electron microscopy showed that partial destruction of the plasma membrane occurred and serum amylase increased considerably at the same time, suggesting that the initial inflammatory changes caused the release of pancreatic enzymes at −4 h. After elimination of the causal factors, edematous pancreatitis healed completely but hemorrhagic acute pancreatitis was not completely healed 6 months later.

ISSN:0885-3177    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID