ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Automated Multiphasic Health Testing (AMHT) is a sophisticated, computer-based technique for patient data gathering, analysis, storage, and print-out. The technique has been erroneously associated in the minds of physicians with the single applications of population health “screening” while it is, in fact, broadly applicable to the entire health-care delivery process. During the past several years, the technique of AMHT has been refined, and computer-based systems have been applied to medical functions such as hospital pre-admission testing, the performance of triage in the HMO environment, and the development of patient histories and physiological data in the outpatient clinic. Such applications have been shown to reduce cost and increase physician productivity.This paper traces the history of AMHT over the past decade as seen through the eyes of a participant, from within the medical industry. A case is presented in this three-part paper for the use of AMHT techniques as basic tools in containing health-care costs and in providing expanded medical care throughout the United States.

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The conventional theory of vision, that the brain uses the image cast upon the back wall of the eye or retina, just as film uses the image cast at the back of a camera, fails to explain residual vision for an eye immersed in water. It also cannot explain the “illusion” of the diagonal lines of a pincushion grid.A spatial frequency model which proposes that a focal diffraction pattern is retinally coincident can be shown to account for these phenomena, and is related to the feasibility of developing a substitute eye for the blind. The “illusory” diagonal lines of a pincushion grid and its complement, the Hermann grid, are demonstrated to be physically generated by the spatial frequency components at the focal surface of the eye oriented at 90° to those “illusory” lines. Analysis of the limited number of spatial frequency components or light points at the focal surface, required to replicate the equivalent of continuous lines in object space, also has implications for the design and development of a visual prosthetic device.

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Dr. Dietrich Meyer-Ebrecht provides a broad and helpful overview of the many techniques and latest trends in diagnostic imaging. Latest sensing technology is reviewed including; X-ray systems, ultrasound, thermography, radionuclide imaging, endoscopy, and optical methods. Approximate system cost ranges are indicated.This paper examines the technological trends in: sensors, imagers, hardcopy production computer enhancement, storage, and communication of images. Dr. Meyer-Ebrecht describes three generations of computed tomographic scanners and alternative aproaches to three-dimensional imaging. Image storage is presented as a major limitation of present technology. A view of future systems approaches envisions “picture bases” that will complement present data bases of hospital information systems. Integrations of latest technology into diagnostic picture information systems will lead to advanced systems.

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper is concerned with telephone biotelemetry, such as in the transmission of ECGs or EEGs through telephone networks. It briefly describes the applications of biotelemetry and some research activities in the field. Spectral characteristics and bandwidths of ECG and EEG, and some methods for transmitting these physiological signals through telephone lines are discussed. Shortcomings in the existing telephone biotelemetry systems are identified and some possible solutions to these problems are investigated.The paper is written as a tutorial article directed primarily at clinical engineers, biomedical equipment technicians and other health-care professionals who are interested in the subject.

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The medical uses of radioisotopes involve two broad areas: clinical nuclear medicine and biomedical research using radioisotopes. Clinical nucler medicine includes both diagnosis and treatment of disease, while biomedical research includes the study of normal body functions and disease processes using radioisotopes.This paper discusses the use of radioisotopes in the practice of medicine, lists the areas of concern associated with that usage, and outlines the many regulatory controls that have been established to deal with some of the concerns. This material was originally prepared and distributed as a “background paper” for 1977 meetings between the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff, the public, and NRC's Advisory Committee on the medical Uses of Isotopes Concerning NRC's future policy for the regulation of the medical uses of radioisotopes. Information is included on how to obtain Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations along with a listing of NRC's Washington and regional offices.

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The need for a quantitative transcutaneous method of volume-blood-flow measurement is clinically significant. Many methods of blood-flow detection and measurement have been tried, from plethysmography to nuclear magnetic resonance. These techniques lack the capability required to sense flow at a particular location. Ultrasonic Doppler techniques have the capability to overcome many of the limitations of these methods. Knowing the current amount of oxygen being supplied to the patient's tissues is a factor which can assist the clinician in the management of the patient. Volume blood flow may be one of the best indicators of available oxygen. It is also an indicator of the heart's ability to function as a pump to maintain normal body processes. Other factors of blood flow may have clinical significance. The velocity profile in the vessels affected by arterial occlusive disease may be an important variable to determine the state of the patient.Techniques were evaluated for the use of pulsed Doppler for blood-flow measurements, vessel dimensions, and velocity profiles. Until the development of pulse Doppler equipment, the use of ultrasonics was primarily qualitative. Doppler signals were previously processed and recorded as analog waveforms and the clinician based his conclusions on listening to the detected Doppler's signals. Currently available pulsed Doppler equipment are not flowmeters but velocity detectors.Velocity profiles were measured on blood flow in water-tank models to study the relationships between measured velocity and true flow and between measured velocity and hematocrit levels. The data indicate that the pulsed Doppler system can be pre-calibrated to measure quantitatively blood flow in water-tank models. Its application in clinical use requires further evaluation.

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The increased use of clinical ultrasound in diagnostic scanning of the pregnant uterus, in fetal monitoring, and in neonatal physiologic monitoring, have led to a concern for the safety aspects of clinically used ultrasonic dosage levels. In this paper, the current status of the understanding of the interaction mechanisms of ultrasound with biological media and the factors that govern different biological effects are surveyed. There is a critical need for further investigations to establish safe dosage levels for the fetus, and guidelines for adequate ultrasonic equipment manufacturing and management practices.

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is a need for electronic noise sources for investigation of biological and medical research equipment. Such sources need to provide a “white noise” output with a frequency spectrum flat from one to one hundred Hertz. The present paper describes two designs of such sources. The spectra are measured and compared. One source is the reverse-biased junctions of a transistor base-emitter junction operating in the avalanche mode. The second source is a MOS IC pseudo-random digital signal. In both cases, the spectra are presented. The choice between the two sources depends upon the application. For most applications, either source is shown to be satisfactory.

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID