摘要:

Periodontal probing is commonly used for assessing both the status of gingival health and the connective tissue attachment level around teeth.The role of probing around endosseous implants still remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the histological level of probe penetration in healthy and inflamed mucosal tissues around implants. Five beagle dogs were used and a total of 30 one‐stage. Titanium Plasma Spary (TPS)‐coated implants of the ITI type were placed in the mandibles. After the healing period with meticulous oral hygiene. the dogs were divided into 3 groups: 1) clinical healthy mucosal tissues; 2) experimental mucositis (3 dogs); and 3) experimental ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis (2 dogs). Four months after implant placement, respectively 6 months in the third group, 60 probes were placed with a standardized force of 0.2 N and fixed at the mesial and distal aspects of the implants. Probing depth. clinical attachment level (CAL), Plaque index (PII) and Gingival Index (GI) were assessed throughout the study. Tissue sections were obtained for histometrical analysis. In the healthy group, the mean PII was 0.47. the GI 0.06 and the clinical probing depth (CPD) 2.12 mm. In the mucositis group the PII was 1.61, the GI 1.61 and the CPD 1.87 mm. In the peri‐implantitis group the PII was 1.96, the GI 2.05 and the CPD 3.73 mm. The histologic results show that the probes were able to identify the connective tissue adhesion level in the healthy group with a mean error of −0.05 mm (mean histologic probing depth (HPD): 1.75 mm) and, in the mucositis group, with −0.02 mm (mean HPD: 1.62 mm). Probe penetration increased with the degree of inflammation and in the peri‐implantitis group the probe exceeded the connective tissue level by a mean 0.52 mm (mean HPD: 3.8 mm). Therefore, probing around implants represents a good technique for assessing the status of peri‐implant mucos

ISSN:0905-7161    

DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050401.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This investigation was performed to assess the bone‐to‐implant surface contact at fixtures of titanium that either had a standard machine prepared or a TiO2‐blasted surface. Five beagle dogs were used in the experiment. Extractions of the premolars were performed in the maxilla. After 4 months of healing, 5 standard machine‐prepared fixtures and 5 prepared according to the TioBlast technique were inserted. Two months later another 5 “standard” and 5 TiO Blast‐prepared implants were inserted. Four months after the first fixture installation, the animals were killed and ground sections prepared from each implant site. Of the 20 implants installed, 19 were successfully incorporated. The mean bone‐to‐implant surface for “standard” fixtures was about 40% both at the 2 and 4 months observation interval. The corresponding figures for the TiO Blast‐prepared fixtures were similar during the first 2 months of observation, while subsequently the TioBlast‐prepared fixture surface seemed to stimulate to a more close bone‐to‐implant contact

ISSN:0905-7161    

DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050402.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Between 1987 and 1990, 57 edentulous patients were treated with overdentures supported by 2 endosseous IMZ implants connected by a bar in the lower jaw. The condition of the peri‐implant tissue was evaluated for a loading period ranging from 12 to 57 months (mean 30 months and median 24 months). The evaluation parameters included Plaque Index, Bleeding Index, Gingiva Index, pocket depth, dysesthesia of chin or lip, peri‐implant bone loss and loss of implants. During the healing phase prior to the construction of an overdenture, 3 implants were lost. After a healing period of 6 months, these implants were successfully replaced. During the follow‐up period, a Plaque Index ≤1 was observed in 45 patients and an abundance of plaque and calculus was observed in 1 patient. Heavy or profuse bleeding and severe gingival inflammation was observed in 3 patients. The mean pocket depth was 3.6±1.7 mm. None of the patients experienced lip or chin dysesthesia. Marginal bone loss was observed around 30 (26%) implants. From this study it is concluded that, once proper osseointegration is obtained, 2 IMZ implants connected with a bar in the lower jaw supply a proper base for the support of an overdenture; the condition of the peri‐implant tissues is steady and independent of the foll

ISSN:0905-7161    

DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050403.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether titanium endosseous implants would osseointegrate in dog alveolar ridges augmented by allogenic material. In 8 dogs en bloc resection, including 2 premolars, was performed bilaterally in the maxilla and the mandible. After a healing period of 6 weeks allogenic, demineralized and lyophilized dentin or bone was implanted subperiosteally. Titanium implants were installed 5.5 months later in some of the regions. Light and fluorescence microscopic evaluation revealed fibrous encapsulation of the implanted allogenic material, no osteoinduction and only minimal osteoconduction. few multi‐nuclear giant cells and a sparse inflammatory reaction. The titanium implants healed mainly by fibrous encapsulatio

ISSN:0905-7161    

DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050404.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A photogrammetric technique was tested to measure the topography of the mucosa around implants, placed in edentulous upper jaws. Photographs were taken of casts from 6 patients, who all had used a removable overdenture for one year. Another series of photographs was taken on new casts after the use of a fixed prosthesis for a second year. The 6 pairs of photographs were measured and compared in an analytical stereo plotter for surface contour and implant positions. The results from the measurements indicated a trend of general recession of the mucosa after one year with fixed prosthesis. both on the buccal as well as on the palatal side. The mean volume of recession was 222.4 mm3, corresponding to an average of 0.4 mm3/mm2of mucosa. More recession was generally observed on the palatal side, but obvious variations between the patients were present. In conclusion, the photogrammetric technique was considered to be well suited for analysing tissue contours in various dental situations.

ISSN:0905-7161    

DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050405.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study evaluated the advantages of computed tomography (CT) in comparison to routine panoramic radiography for dental implant treatment planning. An in vitro validation study was performed to assess the accuracy of CT and panoramic radiography film images for measurement of anatomic structures and distances between anatomic structures. After correcting by a standard 25% magnification on the panoramic images, a significant difference in measurements was found between the CT and panoramic radiography images. Ten subjects requiring implants in compromised ridges were treatment planned with either CT and panoramic radiographs or panoramic radiographs alone. The ideal implant length was determined at surgery with direct digital radiography. The dentists were significantly more confident using CT and panoramic images than panoramic radiographs alone. Implant length treatment planned with panoramic radiography alone underestimated length significantly compared with the implant length determined to be ideal during surgery.whereas treatment planning with CT and panoramic radiography demonstrated no significant difference. The data indicate the CT may be of value in treatment planning for dental implants, especially when gaining maximum length is of critical importance.

ISSN:0905-7161    

DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050406.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined in vitro the existence of microbial leakage along the components of the Brånemark® implant system. Thirty‐two implant/abutment assemblies were installed in a liquid blood medium previously inoculated with oral micro‐organisms. To examine the leakage at the implant abutment interface, 16 assemblies were partially immersed. The remaining 16 were completely immersed to observe the leakage at both the implant abutment and abutment‐prosthesis interface. After 7 days of an‐aerobic incubation, the micro‐organisms in the internal part of the implants were collected and incubated on blood agar plates in anaerobic conditions. Micro‐organisms were found in the completely immersed assemblies and at lower numbers in the partially immersed implants, indicating that bacterial leakage at both levels seems to exist. Several penetrating bacteria have been associated with peri‐implantitis. The clinical importance of this bacterial leakage is not yet well understood. Although the longevity of the Brånemark® implants is well documented, this bacterial leakage might play a role in peri‐implantitis. both in the etiology as well

ISSN:0905-7161    

DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050407.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of creating bone tuberosities on the mandibular ramus in rats, using a rigid, occlusive. Teflon capsule. The experiment was carried out in 30 rats. The mandibular ramus was exposed bilaterally. On the test side, the periosteum was left covering the lateral surface of the ramus. On the contralateral side (control). the periosteum was elevated from the lateral surface together with the flap. A hemispherical, Teflon capsule was then placed to face the periosteum or the bone surface with its open part before closure of the wound. The healing periods comprised 7–120 days. Histological analysis demonstrated increasing bone fill in the test specimens from 7 to 60 days, and a limited further increase was observed from 60 to 120 days. In the control specimens, limited bone fill was seen within the first month after surgery, but substantial amounts of new bone were produced from 30–120 days. At 120 days, the mean amount of bone obtained in the test specimens was 56%(range 39%‐71%) of the total space created by the capsules, and it was 52%(range 32%‐85%) in the controls. The amount of newly formed bone was equivalent to a 5–6 times increase of the original width of the mandibular ramus. These findings indicate that a secluded space created by an occlusive barrier adjacent to existing bone or periosteum may be filled out with bone tissue. This may have a great clinical impact in cranial and maxillofacia

ISSN:0905-7161    

DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050408.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and microbiological (microscopic) parameters during the development of experimental gingigivitis and experimental peri‐implant mucositis. Twenty partially edentulous patients were treated for moderate to advanced periodontal disease. Following active periodontal therapy consisting of motivation, instruction in oral hygiene practices, scaling and root planing and periodontal surgery where indicated, IMZ oral implants were incorporated in posterior edentulous areas. After 3 months of healing, the prosthetic abutments were connected, and the patients were closely supervised for another 2 months of healing. At this time, baseline data were obtained. Re‐examinations were scheduled at 3 and 6 months. Following this, the patients were asked to refrain from oral hygiene practices for 3 weeks. At all examinations including the end of the period of no oral hygiene, the following clinical parameters were obtained: Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Sulcus Bleeding Index, all modified by Mombelli et al. (1987) probing pocket depths and recession in mm. Furthermore, submucosal/subgingival plaque samples were obtained and analyzed using phase contrast microscopy. At the end of the 3‐week period of plaque accumulation: optimal oral hygiene was reinstituted. There were no statistically significant differences between the mean values of all parameters at implant compared to tooth sites at any observation periods. The period of no oral hygiene demonstrated a similar cause‐effect relationship between the accumulation of bacteria1 plaque and the development of peri‐implant mucositis as established for the gingival units by the experimental gingivi

ISSN:0905-7161    

DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050409.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This retrospective study describes the effect of smoking on initial fixture failure before functional loading with fixed prosthetic restorations. Of 208 installed Brånemark fixtures in the mandible, only 1 failed (0.5%) and no detrimental effect of smoking on fixture survival could be detected. In the maxilla, 101244 fixtures failed (4%); 7778 fixtures failed in smokers and 31166 in nonsmokers. The failure rate before loading was 9% in smokers versus 1% in nonsmokers and was statistically significant, despite the fact that bone quality in both groups was comparable. Failed fixtures occurred in 31% of the smokers, despite often excellent bone quality, long fixture length or good initial stability. Only 4% of the nonsmokers had failures, in most cases related to poor bone quality. It is concluded that smoking is a significant although not the only important factor in the failure of implants prior to functional loading. Prospective studies are needed to assess the risk of implant failure in conjunction with smoking. In the mean time, patients should be informed of the adverse effect of smoking

ISSN:0905-7161    

DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050410.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY