摘要:

A juvenile male tree snake collected by Ivan Sanderson on Mount Aripo, Trinidad in 1937 was wrongly assigned to the speciesLeptophis rivetiDespax 1910. The specimen represents a distinct species which is namedLeptophis stimsoniin this paper.

ISSN:0394-6975    

DOI:10.1080/03946975.1995.10539282

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The annual cycles of breeding and moult were studied in four species of birds in Liberia in tropical West Africa: Fiscal Shrike,Lanius collarisLinnaeus 1758; Vieillot's Black Weaver,Ploceus nigerrimusVieillot 1819; Common Garden Bulbul,Pycnonotus barbatus(Destontaines 1789); and Little Greenbul,Andropadus virensCassin 1857. Pronounced differences were observed. The insectivorous L.collarisreproduced during the wet season, with moult towards the end of the wet season. This species experienced significant weight loss during the dry season, when food was more scarce. In contrast, the omnivorous P.nigerrimusfed on rice during the dry season, with rapid moult and continuation of breeding during this time. Only maleP. nigerrimusexperienced significant weight loss during the dry season, possibly because of large energy expenditures associated with nest building. The omnivorousP. barbatusappeared to be non-seasonal in reproduction, with moult in the wet season. The omnivorousA. virenswas non-seasonal in both breeding and moult. Thus, there were four different patterns of reproduction and moult among the four species: wet-season breeding/wet-season moult, L.collaris;non-seasonal breeding/dry-season moult,P. nigerrimus-, non-seasonal breeding/wet-season moult,P. barbatus;and non-seasonal breeding/non-seasonal moult,A. virens.

ISSN:0394-6975    

DOI:10.1080/03946975.1995.10539283

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Liberia lies entirely within the Upper Guinea rain forest belt of tropical West Africa. The Upper Guinea rain forest, with 22 endemic bird species, is a major area of endemism for birds in Africa. Despite extensive deforestation, Liberia still contains the two largest tracts of forest, comprising 50% of the remaining Upper Guinea rain forest (ALLPORT 1991). The historical and present trends of deforestation in the country are reviewed.

ISSN:0394-6975    

DOI:10.1080/03946975.1995.10539284

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It is suggested thatMantis undataFabricius 1793 does not belong to the genusPopaStål 1856 as believed until now, but to the Indian genusAmbiviaStål 1877 (n. comb.). The systematic position of the species ofPopais re-examined and a single species,Popa spurcaStål 1856 (= P.undataauct. nec Fabricius) is recognised. The species is differentiated into two subspecies, one beingPopa spurca spurcaStål 1856 (= P. stuhlmanniRehn 1914, P.batesiSauss. & Zehnt. 1895) (n. syn.) widespread throughout all Africa south of the Sahara, except in the east which is populated by the other subspecies, P.spurca crassa(Giglio-Tos 1917).

ISSN:0394-6975    

DOI:10.1080/03946975.1995.10539285

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sixteen species of large-winged mites of the superfamilies Parakalummoidea n. stat. and Galumnoidea are mentioned from Sabah, 14 of them are described as new. The following new genera are erected:Strabogalumnan. gen.,Variogalumnan. gen. andTrypogalumnellan. gen. Some taxonomic problems concerning the families Galumnidae and Parakalummidae are discussed and the latter is separated for the first time in a different superfamily Parakalummoidea n. stat.

ISSN:0394-6975    

DOI:10.1080/03946975.1995.10539286

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We report numerous cases of capture and/or retrieval of very large prey by workers of the African weaver ant,Oecophylla longinoda(Latreille 1802), observed in Cameroon, Nigeria and Zaire. We describe also the remains of vertebrate prey found in the nests of O.longinodain South Cameroon. Retrieval of large prey was exclusively observed in workers of large, mature colonies of O.longinoda, occupying solitary trees or bushes or groups of trees. As a rule, large prey were transported whole. As demonstrated by field and laboratory tests, O.longinodacapture large insects most efficiently while hunting in the manner of army ants. The arolia on the feet of workers of O.longinodaare of crucial importance for the success of capture and transport of large prey. Previously, retrieval of vertebrate prey was reported only in the Asian weaver ant species, O.smaragdina(Fabricius 1775). Our observations provide an account of some of the most striking cases of individual and cooperative transport of large objects ever observed in ants.

ISSN:0394-6975    

DOI:10.1080/03946975.1995.10539287

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The ant community associated withApionsp. (Coleoptera Apionidae) galls onDiospyrus hispidaDC (Ebenaceae) was studied in a cerrado (savanna) area in southeastern Brazil. We asked the following questions: (a) what ant species occupy the galls, (b) are there any relationships among gall occupation, plant height, and gall distance from the ground, and (c) do ants differentially select galls? Seven ant species were found:Camponotussp. 1 andCamponotussp. 2,Crematogaster brevispinosa(Mayr 1870),Zacryptocerus pusillus(Klug 1824),Pseudomyrmex gracilis(Fabricius 1804),Solenopsissp., andLeptothoraxsp. Plant height, distance of the gall to the ground, gall volume, number of channels inside the galls, the length of ant's body and the width of ant's head were recorded. Ants occupied the largest galls (t = 2.653, n = 144,P< 0.05). The number of channels in occupied galls was significantly different from that in unoccupied galls (t = 5.565, n = 144, P < 0.05). Differential utilization of galls may be explained by the different biology and competitive interactions of the ant community.

ISSN:0394-6975    

DOI:10.1080/03946975.1995.10539288

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Males of a so-called “voiceless”“frog,Rana blythiBoulenger 1920 from Peninsular Malaysia actually produce a short, single note, low frequency call consisting of many pulses. The call is emitted by males both in and outside of the breeding nest. These observations are in sharp contrast to Bornean populations ofR. blythiwhere no advertisement call has been heard, suggesting populational differences in this important ethological character.

ISSN:0394-6975    

DOI:10.1080/03946975.1995.10539289

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A new species,Chamaeleo harennae, is described from forested sites in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. In the form and relative prominence of crests on the posterior region of the head, it closely resembles C.affinisRüppell 1845, but differs most conspicuously from this species in the possession of an exceptionally well developed guiar crest, similar to that found inC. hoehneliiSteindachner 1891 andC. rudisBoulenger 1906.

ISSN:0394-6975    

DOI:10.1080/03946975.1995.10539290

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The myrmecomorphous encyrtid waspCoelaspidia gordhin. sp. is described from Cuba. It differs from the Mexican speciesC. osborniTimberlake 1923 mainly in the shape of antennal scape and in the type of sculpturing on the frontovertex. A key to the two known species of the genusCoelaspidiaTimberlake 1923 is given. Some aspects of myrmecomorphy in the family Encyrtidae are discussed.

ISSN:0394-6975    

DOI:10.1080/03946975.1995.10539291

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor