摘要:

Abstract.Cardiac hypertrophy of various aetiologies is consistently associated with increased expression of V3 isomyosin. Uraemia is associated with cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study, we examined regulation of isomyosin in uraemic rats, using gel electrophoresis. Cardiac hypertrophy in uraemic animals was associated with a relative increase in VI isomyosin. An increased proportion of VI isomyosin was demonstrable 3 days after subtotal nephrectomy (NX 63.0 ± 8.8%; control 43.6 ± 7.2%;P<0.01) and persisted during uraemia of 80 days duration. Elevation of VI isomyosin, relative to pair‐fed controls, was observed in uraemic animals of various age. The proportion of VI isomyosin changed in the same direction as controls when several manouevers were used which changed the isomyosin pattern, but the difference between uraemic animals and controls persisted. We studied the effect of carbohydrate loading or deprivation, starvation or administration of energetically inadequate diets, castration or administration of androgens and sodium depletion. With each of the above interventions, a difference between subtotally nephrectomized animals and sham‐operated pair‐fed control animals was statistically significant (P<0.05). Elevation of VI isomyosin persisted during combined alpha and beta blockade and was still found when blood pressure was normalized by ACE inhibition using Ramipril. It is concluded that cardiac hypertrophy of uraemia differs from all other forms of cardiac hypertrophy by the occurrence of increased proportion of VI isomyosin. The proportion of VI isomyosin responds adequately to regulatory signals but is set at an abnormally hig

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The inspiration against a closed airway, the Mueller manoeuver, leads to a negative intrathoracic pressure. It is controversially discussed whether this is causing an augmentation of right heart murmurs. There is only limited knowledge on the temporal relationship of the negative intrathoracic pressure with right and left ventricular filling and stroke volume. To investigate this relationship, the flow through the mitral, aortic, tricuspid and pulmonary valves was studied continuously by Doppler echocardiography during a standardized Mueller manoeuver in 15 healthy subjects (age 45 ± 10 years). Five heart beats after the initiation of the manoeuver, flow through the mitral and aortic valve decreased 12.2 ± 7.2% (P<0.001) and 10.1 ± 6.6% (P<0.001), respectively. A transient increase of 15.1 ± 9.2% (P<0.001) in tricuspid flow was followed by a 14.3 ± 9.8% (P<0.005) increase of flow through the pulmonary artery. Ten heart beats after the initiation of the Mueller manoeuver, flow through the pulmonary artery again reached baseline, while tricuspid flow remained below baseline values. In contrast to previous studies, our results indicate that the Mueller manoeuver causes a small and transient increase in right ventricular stroke volume which is unlikely to cause a marked augmentation in right heart mur

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of n‐3 fatty acids on acute‐phase proteins and response. Healthy male volunteers were submitted to standard bicycle ergometry once without supplementation and a second time after 3‐weeks supplementation with highly purified n‐3 fatty acids (1.75 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.05 g docosahexaenoic acid per day). Acute‐phase proteins (immunoglobulin M, complement C4, haptoglobin, C‐reactive protein, a2‐macroglobulin, coerulopasmin, fibrinogen, α1‐glycoprotein) were measured before, immediately after, 24 and 72 h after exercise. There were significantly lower values of immunoglobulin M (pre‐exercise and at 72 h) and α2‐macroglobulin (pre‐exercise) when cross‐sectionally comparing the baseline data with and without n‐3 supplementation. Longitudinal comparisons show that the ergometric test induced a discrete acute‐phase reaction, which is evident with and without n‐3 fatty acids. Yet the kinetics of the response seem to be altered by n‐3 supplementation. The relative increase of most acute‐phase proteins is numerically larger and the rise persists longer, which is particularly evident for fibrinogen and α1‐glycoprotein. The findings suggest that n‐3 fatty acids lower acute‐phase proteins at baseline and alter the

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01362.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Unconjugated, mono‐ and diconjugated bilirubin levels were determined in serum soon after birth, and followed up for several days. Fourteen preterm neonates were studied with a gestational age below 33 weeks (n= 7) or between 34 and 37 weeks (n= 7), respectively, as well as 19 full‐term newborns either untreated (n= 9) or treated by phototherapy (n= 10). Bilirubin and its derivatives were analysed by alkaline methanolysis and spectrometry after separation by thin‐layer chromatography.In normal full‐term neonates total and unconjugated bilirubin reached peak levels at days 2–4. Thereafter, a decline of 11 % per day was detectable. Monoconjugates in serum amounted to 3.1 ± 1.1% of total pigment and remained at that level. The relative amount of diconjugates increased from 0.55 ± 0.25% (2–4th postnatal day) to 1.62 ± 0.99% (9–13th day of life). The rapid decline of unconjugated bilirubin paralleled by an increase of diconjugates are an expression of the maturation process for bilirubin conjugation.The premature neonates with less than 33 weeks gestation exhibited an increase of unconjugated serum bilirubin up to the 4–5th postnatal day, the decline thereafter amounted 2% per day. The fraction of 2.3 ± 1.1% monoconjugates was small and exhibited only a moderate increase in the follow up. In contrast diconjugates were undetectable or very low and remained at this level. These results suggest the presence of a more severe immaturity as well as a slower maturation process of bilirubin conjugation in preterm newborns.A subgroup of full‐term neonates treated by phototherapy showed highest serum bilirubin levels at the first days of life and the lowest monoconjugate fraction (1.2 ± 1±1%). In the follow up the monoconjugates rose slightly, whereas the diconjugate fraction remained very low. These findings in this subgroup of full‐term newborns might indicate a more severe conjugation defect for bilirubin as well as a bilirubin overload in respect to a limited bilirubin glucuronidation capacity.Analysis of bilirubin pattern in serum seems to allow prediction of the severity and the maturation rate

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01363.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Several recent reports have shown that antibodies reactive with acetaldehyde (AcH)‐modified epitopes are present in alcoholics. However, similar antibodies have also been found in patients with nonalcoholic liver disease and control subjects. In each of these studies total immunoglobulin binding to the AcH‐modified proteins was measured, with no attempt being made to identify the classes of immunoglobulin involved. In the present study we employed an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the classes of immunoglobulin involved in this response, using plasma samples from 97 alcoholics with varying degrees of liver disease, 35 patients with non‐alcoholic liver disease and 33 control subjects. All three groups exhibited a large IgM response and a negligible IgG response. However, the alcoholics exhibited a significantly higher IgA response than either of the other groups. This suggests that the measurement of the IgA response to AcH‐modified epitopes may be a specific marker of etha

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01364.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A significant rise in serum concentrations of aluminium was demonstrated in 23 patients prophylactically treated with the antacid magaldrate, whereas no increase in serum aluminium was observed in another 26 critically ill patients, in whom the use of antacids was avoided. In parallel, urinary excretion rates of aluminium rose to values close to maximum 72 h after antacid therapy had been started. Hyperaluminaemia was most marked in patients with acute renal failure undergoing continuous haemofiltration, but a significant increment in serum aluminium was also noted in patients with impaired renal function in the predialytic state. In the latter group and in patients with normal renal function there was a significant negative correlation between urinary excretion rates of aluminium and creatinine clearance after 48 h of treatment suggesting an enhancement of gastrointestinal absorption of aluminium in the presence of chronic renal failure. Maximum serum concentrations of aluminium did attain critical values in some patients with acute renal failure, but no overt signs of aluminium toxicity were noted. However, in light of both, possible subtle toxicity and enhanced absorption of aluminium in critically ill patients with renal failure, the prophylactic use of antacids in this setting should be reevaluated cautiously.

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01365.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Parenteral glutathione has therapeutic potential for targeted delivery of cysteine equivalents. Thus, high doses of reduced glutathione (GSH) protect from the nephrotoxic and urotoxic effects of cisplatinum and oxazaphosphorines. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms the kinetics and the effect of glutathione on plasma and urine sulphydryls were studied in 10 healthy volunteers. Following the intravenous infusion of 2 g m–2of glutathione the concentration of total glutathione in plasma increased from 17±5 ± 13±4 μmol l‐1(mean ± SD) to 823 ± 326 μmol l–1. The volume of distribution of exogenous glutathione was 176 ± 107 ml kg–1and the elimination rate constant was 0±063 ± 0±027 min–1corresponding to a half‐life of 14±1 ± 9±2 min. Cysteine in plasma increased from 8±9 ± 3±5 μmol l–1to 114 ± 45 μmol l–1after the infusion.In spite of the increase in cysteine, the plasma concentration of total cyst(e)ine (i.e.cysteine, cystine, and mixed disulphides) decreased, suggesting an increased uptake of cysteine from plasma into cells. Urinary excretion of glutathione and of cyst(e)ine was increased 300‐fold and 10‐fold, respectively, in the 90 min following the infusion. The present data suggest that the concentration of sulphydryls in the urinary tract and, more importantly, the intracellular availability of cysteine increase markedly following parenteral glutathione. The high intracellular concentration of cysteine may protect against cisplatinum and oxazaphosphorine toxicity either directly or indirectly by

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Leucocyte‐derived free radicals were monitored in 30 stage II peripheral vascular disease (PVD) patients in an open placebo‐controlled study. Linked to a transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPo2) monitor, they performed two consecutive standard treadmill tests (5 min, 2 km h–112% slope) before and after 15‐days treatment with placebo or a leucocyte‐derived free radical scavenger (Piroxicam, 20 mg day–1), the second test being carried out at the TcPo2half‐recovery time. Blood samples were collected at baseline, at the maximum walking times and the TcPo2half recovery times. The total and differential leucocyte counts, the percentage of cells with pseudopodia or cytoplasmatic irregularities, the filterability rates (using a positive pressure Nuclepore filter system) of the main leucocyte subfractions and plasma oxidant activity were monitored. Compared with values before treatment and with the placebo‐treated group Piroxicam therapy significantly (P<0.001) reduced the final half‐recovery time, the percentage of cells with pseudopodia and the level of plasma oxidant activity (P<0.01) and kept the granulocyte filterability rate stable, showing leucocyte‐derived free radicals are involved in p

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Low levels of plasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo)‐A‐I are associated with premature coronary heart disease. However, particles in the density range of HDL are heterogeneous. Two main types of apo A‐I‐containing particles can be identified, one species containing both apo A‐I and apo A‐II (Lp A‐I: A‐II) and the other apo A‐I but no apo‐A‐II (Lp A‐I). This study was designed to measure HDL cholesterol, apo A‐I, and, using a new procedure, Lp A‐I in 233 healthy normolipidaemic young men (cholesterol<250 mg dl–1and triglycerides<200 mg dl–1). Among these subjects, the composition of HDL was very variable as indicated by the 10th and the 90th percentiles of the HDL‐cholesterol/apo A‐I ratios which were 0.32 and 0.49, respectively. The 10th and 90th percentiles of apo A‐I and Lp A‐I: A‐II were 126 and 167 mg dl–1and 83 and 116 mg dl–1, respectively. On the other hand, Lp A‐I showed a much larger variation, the 10th and 90th percentiles being at 33 and 62 mg dl–1, respectively. The distribution of individual values of Lp A‐I showed that this fraction of apo A‐I‐containing particles was very variable among subjects, the Lp A‐I/apo A‐I ratio extending from 0.18 to 0.58. Triglycerides, Lp A‐I and Lp A‐I:A‐II were correlated with HDL cholesterol, but no correlation between apo A‐I containing sub‐fractions and plasma triglycerides was noticed. Since preliminary results from angiographic and clinical studies show that Lp A‐I could exert a protective role for atherosclerosis, it would seem that the measurement of Lp A‐I might help i

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY