摘要:

Abstract.The advantageous utilization of nasal polypoid tissue as a source for human epithelial cells and the dramatic effect of extracellular matrix on growth and differentiation of these cells were demonstrated. Plating on extracellular matrix induced rapid, firm, cell attachment and flattening of the explants, promoted cell outgrowth as well as long‐term survival of epithelial cells in primary cultures. Prominent ciliary activity was observed on the cells of the explant and on the cells in the outgrowth. These cells could be maintained on the extracellular matrix coated dishes for prolonged periods even after removal of the explant, with the cells in the outgrowth covering the region occupied by the removed explant. Prominent ciliary activity, which is considered one of the main criteria for cell viability and differentiation, continued also in the absence of the explant.The present system for cultivation of human upper respiratory tract epithelial cells on extracellular matrix might prove of value in analysing effects of chemother‐apeutic agents that influence normal differentiation as well as the effects of viral and chemical carcinogens on these cells in human respiratory dise

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We studied the duration of survival and the removal of putative toxins in forty pigs with ischaemic hepatic necrosis, undergoing haemodialysis or cross‐dialysis with a large‐pore membrane. Ischaemic hepatic necrosis was induced in conscious animals by tightening a loop around the hepatic artery 3 days after construction of a portocaval shunt. Pigs treated by a dialysis procedure survived significantly longer (45.2 ± 11.9 h) than controls (26.3 ± 5.4 h). There was no difference between haemodialysis and cross‐dialysis.Blood ammonia initially dropped significantly (P<0.05) more during haemodialysis (560.107±210.51 μmol/1) than during cross‐dialysis (596.131±398.81 μmol/1) but it subsequently increased beyond initial values despite efficient removal during continuous dialysis. Removal of ammonia was greater during cross‐dialysis than during haemodialysis, but haemodialysis was more effective in the removal of the ammonia precursors glutamine and urea.We conclude that dialysis procedures can prolong survival in pigs with ischaemic hepatic necrosis. The removal of ammonia‐precursors is more effective in the prevention of hyperammonaemia than the removal of ammonia itself. Since dialysis cannot prevent progressive hyperammonaemia, control of excessive toxin production seems mandatory for effectiv

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The sequential changes in the concentration of specific serum proteins and their relation to amyloid A degrading activity were studied in ten patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing arthroplasty of the knee or hip. Serum amyloid A protein increased from a preoperative level of 78 ± 20 gm/1 (mean ± SEM) to a peak level of 623 ± 93 mg/1 on the third postoperative day (P<0.001). The serum amyloid A protein response was greater than that of any other protein including C‐reactive protein, to which it was closely related (r= 0.84,P<0.001). The concentrations of α1‐antitrypsin and α1antichymotrypsin were highest on the fourth postoperative day (mean changes 35%,P<0.01, and +44%,P<0.05, respectively). Serum albumin, pre‐albumin and α2‐macroglobulin behaved like negative acute phase reactants; the concentrations of albumin and α2‐macroglobulin were significantly decreased from the second to sixth and seventh postoperative days, respectively, and the concentration of pre‐albumin was significantly decreased on the third and fourth postoperative days. A significant fall in the amyloid A degrading activity of serum occurred during the acute phase reaction. The degradative activity was lowest on the third and fourth postoperative days (P<0.001).The results show that the acute phase state in patients with rheumatoid arthritis induces a rise in the concentration of serum amyloid A protein, the putative serum precursor of tissue amyloid A fibrils, and a concomitant reduction in the ability of serum to degrade these fibrils. These factors together may be important in the development of inflammation‐as

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The mechanisms by which dietary fat influences fasting plasma lipid concentrations have been investigated in hyperlipidaemic subjects. The synthetic and fractional catabolic (FCR) rates of the apoprotein B (apo B) of very‐low density (VLDL) and low‐density (LDL) lipoproteins were measured using radioiodinated autologous lipoproteins.Reductions of LDL concentration in eight subjects during low‐fat(25% of energy) diets were largely explained by diminished synthesis(‐20%,P<0.02), and possibly also by an increased FCR +15%,P= 0.05) of LDL, compared with observations made during a high‐fat (45% of energy) diet of similar fatty acid composition. VLDL apo B synthesis and FCR were not significantly altered.When a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids was exchanged for one high in saturated fatty acids (fat providing 45% of energy on both occasions) in four subjects, the synthetic rates of both VLDL apo B (‐31%,P<0.02) and LDL apo B (‐23%,P<0.10) were reduced while their FCRs w

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Animal studies and theoretical considerations have suggested that in hypercapnic respiratory failure there is interconversion of glutamic acid to glutamine within the brain, perhaps as part of a local buffering mechanism to minimize hypercapnia‐induced cerebral acidosis. Detection of transcerebral arteriovenous differences, positive for glutamic acid and negative for glutamine, would lend support to this hypothesis. We measured arterial and internal jugular venous levels of twenty‐three aminoacids in four patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure and in four suitable controls. In patients, arterial as well as venous glutamine levels were elevated proportionally, and there was no demonstrable A‐V difference across the brain; arterial and venous glutamic acid levels were the same as controls. All other aminoacid levels, arterial and venous, were normal. These findings confirm the previous observations that in hypercapnic respiratory failure glutamine metabolism is altered, but provide no support for the proposed glutamic acid‐glutamine interconversions within th

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The neutral steroid fractions in the urine of eleven patients suffering from various forms of liver disease with cholestasis and of ten healthy individuals were studied by glass capillary gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The steroid conjugates in urine were enzymatically solvolysed, the liberated steroids extracted and transformed into the trimethylsilylether for measurements.The excretion rates of androstane and pregnane metabolites of patients with liver disease were far lower than those of healthy persons. The main compounds in the urine of the former were the bile alcohols 27 ‐ nor ‐3α, 7α, 12α, 24, 25 ‐ pentahydroxy ‐ 5β ‐ cholestane and 3α, 7α, 12α, 25, 26 ‐ pentahydroxy ‐ 5β ‐ cholestane. Our data suggest a correlation between the excretion rates of these bile alcohols and the serum levels of bilirubin. While the excretion rate of the two bile alcohols in the urine of healthy individuals was approximately 0.24 mg/24 h (0.6 μmol/24 h) a patient with a serum bilirubin of 841 μmol/1 excreted 4 mg/24 h (9 μmol/24 h). The accumulation of bile alcohols described in this study possibly indicates alternative pathways of cholic aci

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Bile acid kinetics and biliary lipid composition were determined in ten hypothyroid patients before and after treatment with L‐thyroxine. Hypothyroid patients had normal synthesis rates of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. Hormone treatment, which lowered plasma cholesterol by about 35%, stimulated the formation of chenodeoxycholic acid by about 40% but did not significantly change the synthesis of cholic acid or total primary bile acids. The mean relative biliary concentration of deoxycholic acid was decreased from 30% to 19% and that of chenodeoxycholic acid was concomitantly increased. Cholesterol saturation of bile was decreased by treatment in six of the patients, but the mean value before treatment (135 ± 13%) was not significantly different from that obtained after treatment (108 ± 9%). It is suggested that the hypocholesterolaemic effect of thyroid hormones is not primarily due to an increased degradation of cholesterol to bile acids. Similar to what is observed in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, the defective receptor mediated degradation of plasma low density lipoproteins in hypothyroidism is thus apparently associated with a quantitatively normal catabolic rate of cholesterol to bile ac

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY