ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01716.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The hypothesis that a global defect in cellular calcium transport may be critical in the development of familial benign hypercalcaemia (FBH) was investigated. Nine hypercalcaemic patients from a kindred with FBH and nine normal subjects were evaluated. Our results indicate that calcium pump activity in the FBH kindred was significantly higher (28%,P<0.005) when compared to normal subjects. These findings suggest that alterations in calcium pump activity in activity in target tissues may play a role in the development of FBH.

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01717.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The decrease in haemoglobin concentration commonly observed after major surgery is usually corrected by red cell transfusions or oral iron medication. The increased awareness of blood‐transmissible diseases has led to the restrictive use of homologous blood and to interest in alternatives for correcting anaemia. We investigated the pathophysiology of postoperative anaemia by studying variables of erythropoiesis, iron metabolism, and inflammation in 48 consecutive patients who underwent total hip replacement. Haemoglobin concentration remained low during 14 days after surgery with only a mild increase in erythropoietin concentration and reticulocyte count. No increase in serum transferrin receptor concentration was observed during the first 2 weeks after surgery. Postoperative serum ferritin increased, whereas serum iron, transferrin and transferrin saturation decreased significantly. There was a marked increase in interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein with maximal values on the 1st and 4th postoperative day, respectively. At 6 weeks after surgery, haemoglobin concentration and variables of iron metabolism were almost at the preoperative level and serum transferrin receptor concentration was significantly increased, indicating increased erythropoietic activity. These changes were preceded by the normalization of interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein levels. Haemoglobin, iron, transferrin, and ferritin concentrations were not influenced by iron therapy during the postoperative period and no differences of erythropoietic and iron variables were observed between transfused and non‐transfused patients. In conclusion, post‐operative erythropoiesis is associated with an inflammatory effect of surgery on iron metabolism, which can explain, despite a slightly increased production of erythropoietin, the persistence of anaemia and the lack of effect of iron supplementation

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Alcohol may exert protection through its effects on the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. In the present study we investigated the effects of moderate wine consumption with an evening dinner on lipoprotein composition and parameters of reverse cholesterol transport (plasma lipid transfer reactions and cholesterol esterification) in eight healthy middle‐aged men. Wine consumption, if compared with mineral water, resulted in increased postprandial plasma levels of triglyceride‐(TG)‐rich lipoproteins (P<0.005 or<0.002 at two different time points) and in increased net mass transfer of cholesterylesters (CE) from high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) to apolipoprotein B‐containing lipoproteins duringin vitroincubation of plasma (P<0.001). Net mass transfer of TG (in the opposite direction) was also significantly increased by wine (P= 0.014). The concentrations of total plasma cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol and apolipoproteins A‐I, A‐II and B did not change postprandially and were not affected significantly by wine, but the CE TG‐1in HDL was affected postprandially and decreased by wine consumption. It is concluded that moderate wine consumption with evening dinner induces transfer reactions of CE and TG between HDL and TG‐rich lipoproteins. Due to the fact that wine raises plasma TG, it also causes changes in plasma cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein composition, without major effects on total plasma choles

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Obesity is an increasingly prevalent problem, and long‐term maintenance of the weight‐reduced state is difficult for the obese individual. Following weight reduction, many metabolic changes occur. Among these is an increase in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (ATLPL), which predicts an alteration in lipid fuel partitioning which may then contribute to resumption of the obese state. The purpose of this study was to test whether changes in skeletal muscle LPL (SMLPL) and its response to insulin/ glucose after sustained weight reduction also indicate a potential altered partitioning of lipid fuels away from oxidative pathways in muscle to storage in adipose tissue. Biopsies ofvastus lateralismuscle were carried out in premenopausal obese women (n= 11, 94 ± 4 kg, mean ± SEM) before and after consumption of a 900 kcal day‐1diet for 3 months followed by 3 months of isocaloric maintenance of the reduced weight (n= 11, 82 ± 4 kg). SMLPL activity was measured in the fasted state and after 6 h insulin/ glucose infusion, before and after sustained weight loss. SMLPL activities were also measured in six normal weight women. Fasting SMLPL activity in obese women (3.9 ± 0.3 nmol FFA min‐1g‐1) was similar to that measured in normal weight control women (4.4 ± 0.5). Unlike normal weight controls in whom a 6h insulin/glucose infusion decreased SMLPL activity, in obese women the response of SMLPL was positive (normal weight vs. obese: Δ‐ 0.8 ± 0.3 vs. Δ 1.6 ± 0.5,P= 0.002). Following maintained weight reduction, fasting SMLPL in the obese group was reduced to 1.2 ± 0.3 (obese before weight loss vs. obese after:P= 0.0001). This change in fasting SMLPL activity following weight loss/maintenance correlated with the resultant change in per cent body fat (rs= 0.663,P= 0.026). Following sustained weight reduction in the obese women, the change in SMLPL activity in response to insulin/ glucose infusion was unchanged by statistical comparison. However, the trend of the direction of that change was toward a more normal value. Overall, the decrease in SMLPL which occurred following sustained weight loss may explain, in part, why prolonged weight reduction in obese subjects is

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The metabolic and cardiovascular effects of recombinant human IGF‐I were compared to insulin in six normal subjects. Subjects were studied twice and intravenously received an infusion of [6,6‐2H2]glucose (0–480 min) and in random order either IGF‐I 20μg kg‐1h‐1(43.7 pmol kg‐1min‐1) or insulin 0.5 mU kg‐1min‐1(3.4 pmol kg‐1min‐1) with an euglycaemic clamp. One subject was withdrawn following a serious adverse event. During the IGF‐I infusion glucose appearance rate (Ra) decreased from 1.79 ± 0.13 at baseline (150–180 min) to 0.35 ± 0.26 mg kg‐1min‐1(P<0.01) at 360min, and glucose utilization rate (Rd) increased from 1.79 ± 0.28 to 4.17 ± 0.84 mg kg‐1min‐1(P<0.01). There was no change in free fatty acids (FFA) and an increase (percentage change from pre‐infusion mean) in cardiac output + 37.3%± 9% (P<0.01), heart rate + 13%± 2% (P<0.01) and stroke volume + 21%± 7% (P<0.05). During the insulin infusion glucose Ra decreased from 1.89 ± 0.13 to 0.34 ± 0.33 mg kg‐1min‐1(P<0.01) and FFA from 0.546 mmoll‐1to 0.198 mmoll‐1(P<0.01), glucose Rd increased from l.89 ± 0.18 to 5.41 ± l.47mg kg‐1min‐1(P<0.01) and ther

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Enhanced cholinergic and dopaminergic controls of anterior pituitary function have been described in insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In order to verify whether similar neurotransmitter alterations also affect the regulation of posterior pituitary hormone secretion, the argininevasopressin (AVP) responses to the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine and in a different occasion to physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, were evaluated in normal (n=10) and type I diabetics (n= 16). In addition, a control test with normal saline was performed in all subjects. None of the diabetic patients were affected by neuropathy or other diabetic complications. They were divided into two groups according to the duration of their disease (less than 10 years: group 1,n= 8; more than 10 years: group 2,n= 8). Physostigmine (12.5 μg kg‐1) was infused intravenously over 10 min; apomorphine (60 μg kg‐1) was injected subcutaneously. Basal AVP concentrations were similar in all groups and remained constant during the control test. In contrast, both drugs induced significant increments in plasma AVP levels in the normal controls and diabetic subjects. However, physostigmine‐ and apomorphine‐induced AVP increments were twofold higher in diabetics than in control subjects. No significant differences were observed between diabetics of groups 1 and 2. No significant correlations between duration of diabetes and peak AVP responses to physostigmine or apomorphine were found within each group or when all diabetic subjects were considered together. These data indicate enhancement of both dopaminergic and cholinergic stimulatory regulations of AVP secretion in patients with uncomplicated IDDM, regardless of the duration

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Flow cytometry was used to study phagocytic function and release of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) following phagocytosis by granulocytes in 14 patients (six female, eight male) with gram‐negative septicaemia prior to, during, and after therapy compared with a group of healthy controls. Phagocytic capacity was assessed by measuring uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labelled bacteria. Reactive oxygen generation after phagocytosis was measured by the quantification of dihydrorhodamine 123 converted to rhodamine 123 intracellulary. Compared with results in healthy controls granulocytes of septicaemic patients exhibited a decreased capacity to phagocytizeEscherichia coliand to generate reactive oxygen products. Both phagocytosis and ROI production increased after initiation of therapy and normalized within 7 days of treatment. The results suggest that granulocytes do not only participate in, but are also a target of, the septic host inflammatory respo

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We determined serum levels of laminin in 23 patients with Graves' disease (GD) and in 24 patients with toxic nodular goiter (TNG). Elevated levels of soluble laminin were observed in patients with GD prior to treatment (median concentration 1376 ng mL‐1[range 712–2402]), compared to patients with TNG (median 442 ng mL‐1[284–891]), and normal controls (median 492 ng mL‐1[range 235–675],n= 26) respectively. In GD patients serum laminin levels decreased during thiamazole treatment and normalized within 8 weeks of therapy. There was no correlation between serum laminin levels and serum levels of thyroid hormones and/or auto‐antibodies, respectively. Whether serum laminin is a marker for alterations of extracellular matrix during GD and release of basement membrane components in the circulation and/or reflects an impaired clearance remains to

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The aim of our study was to examine the prevalence of gastric myoelectrical disturbances in relation to gastrointestinal motility abnormalities in patients with functional dyspepsia, using simultaneous electrogastrography and antroduodenojejunal manometry. We carried out electrogastrography in 20 patients with functional dyspepsia and in 20 healthy volunteers. In 10 of these patients and in 10 of the volunteers antroduodenojejunal manometry was performed simultaneously. Apart from a higher postprandial power content of the 3 cycles per minute (cpm) component in the patients (1263 ± 317 and 393 ± 101 μV2, respectively;P= 0.016), no differences in the electrogastrographic variables were found between the groups. In the manometric part of the study, postprandial antral hypoactivity was not a prominent finding. Instead, small intestinal hyper‐activity was found in the dyspeptic patients, with both a higher frequency and amplitude of the contractions (P<0.05). This hyperactivity often consisted of bursts, which were significantly more frequent in patients than in control subjects (total duration of burst activity 25.6 ± 6.4 and 6.0 ± l.7 min, respectively;P= 0.013). A positive correlation was found between the frequency of the gastric electrical control activity and the antral contraction frequency (P= 0.006), between the power content of the electrographic signal and the antral contraction amplitude (P= 0.025), and between the postprandial/fasting electrographic power ratio and the antral motility index (P= 0.007). In conclusion, gastric myoelectrical activity is minimally disturbed in patients with functional dyspepsia. Motor abnormalities, especially small intestinal hyperactivity, are more likely to play a prominent role in the genesis of dyspeptic sy

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY