摘要:

Abstract. The clinical course of HIV‐1‐infected individuals can be highly variable. Progression to AIDS can occur within 1 year after infection but symptom‐free infection for more than 15 years has also been reported. This variation can either be determined by host factors, the biological variability of the virus or both. Here the molecular determinants and clinical relevance of HIV‐1 biological phenotype variability are r

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.130266.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The serum markers of bone formation (carboxy‐terminal propeptide of type I collagen, PICP) and resorption (pyridinoline cross‐links containing telopeptide of type I collagen, ICTP), as well as urinary resorption markers, pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr), were studied in 78‐year‐old women with high (n = 18) and low (n = 17) bone mineral density (BMD) measured from the calcaneus and tibia. The low‐BMD group had higher values for PICP (P = 0.025), Pyr (P = 0.001) and Dpyr (P < 0.001) than the high‐BMD group. No inverse relationship between these markers and BMD was, however, observed within the study groups. ICTP, Pyr and Dpyr correlated with each other in both groups and with PICP in the high‐BMD group. Higher levels of both the formation and resorption markers of type I collagen suggest an increased rate of bone turnover and remode

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.106260.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Experimental data derived from animal models suggest that the endogenous nucleoside adenosine has important cardioprotective properties. The potent vasodilator effects of adenosine may contribute to this cardioprotection as ischaemia‐induced release of endogenous adenosine has been suggested to adjust local blood flow to the metabolic demands of the tissue. Interestingly, the vascular effects of adenosine appeared to be impaired in animal models for diabetes mellitus. This observation may be of importance with respect to the increased cardiovascular mortality in diabetes. Therefore, the authors investigated thein vivovasodilator effects of adenosine in insulin‐dependent diabetic patients. In 12 uncomplicated insulin‐dependent male diabetic patients and 12 healthy male age‐matched subjects, the brachial artery was cannulated for infusion of adenosine (0.15, 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15 and 50 μg 100−1 mL min−1) and for measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP). Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion mercury‐in‐silastic strain gauge plethysmography. Maximal vasodilatation was assessed by standardized post occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH). Baseline forearm blood flow was 2.7 ± 0.4 and 1.8 ± 0.2 0.2 mL 100−1  mL min−1for the diabetic patients and control group respectively. In the diabetic patients, adenosine infusion raised forearm blood flow to 2.4 ± 0.4, 2.6 ± 0.4, 4.4 ± 0.7, 6.3 ± 1.0, 9.8 ± 1.5 and 14.2 ± 2.1 mL 100−1 mL min−1for the respective dosages. In the control group these values were 1.7 ± 0.21, 1.9 ± 0.3, 3.2 ± 0.8, 6.0 ± 1.2, 10.9 ± 2.1 and 17.1 ± 3.4 mL 100−1 mL min−1respectively (P > 0.1 for between group comparison). Forearm blood flow at the contralateral side was not significantly affected by the placebo and adenosine infusions. Similar results were obtained when results were expressed as changes in forearm vascular resistance or forearm blood flow ratio (FBF infused arm/FBF control arm). Maximal vasodilatation did not differ between the two groups. The authors conclude that the forearm vasodilator response to adenosine is preserved in uncomplicated insulin‐dependent diabet

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.110264.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Community‐based studies have suggested that the dietary intake of total fat influences factor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc), a predictor of fatal events from coronary heart disease (CHD). Nevertheless, the question whether the quality of dietary fats, with special reference to fatty acids (FAs), influences FVIIcis unsolved. The authors investigated in 90 healthy volunteers living in Nove, a village near Vicenza (northern Italy), the relationships between FVIIcand the plasma concentration of individual FAs. Several indices of other nutritional factors that have recently received increasing attention as determinants of CHD risk (antioxidant vitamins A and E, oligoelements) were also included in the multivariate analysis. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed body mass index (BMI), and the concentrations of plasma stearic acid (C18 : 0) and serum copper as significant independent predictors of a substantial proportion of FVIIcvariability (R = 0.52;R 2 = 0.27;P < 0.001). This study substantially supports the role of the plasma concentration of stearic acid as an important factor

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.117265.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Complete congenital heart block (CCHB) is associated with anti‐Ro/SS‐A and anti‐La/SS‐B antibodies. Calreticulin, a calcium‐binding, multifunctional protein of the endoplasmic reticulum with C‐terminal KDEL‐sequence, is not part of the Ro/SS‐A ribonucleoprotein complex. In this study anti‐calreticulin autoantibody responses in serum samples from 18 infants with CCHB, their mothers and in a control group of 11 anti‐Ro/SS‐A or anti‐La/SS‐B positive infants without heart block and their mothers were analysed. Specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were performed. Nine out of 18 sera with CCHB contained IgG anti‐calreticulin antibodies. Four sera of those with IgG antibodies also had IgM antibodies. One serum contained anti‐calreticulin IgM antibodies only. In the non‐CCHB group two sera were positive for IgG and one serum was positive for IgM anti‐calreticulin antibodies. Sera of healthy infants were negative both for anti‐IgG and anti‐IgM calreticulin antibodies. Calreticulin is involved in calcium storage and therefore anti‐calreticulin antibodies might influence the development of CCHB. The new finding of IgM autoantibodies and the observed differences in antibody response in infants and mothers support the hypothesis of a fetally mediated

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.120270.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Transfers or exchanges of cholesterol esters and triglycerides between lipoproteins are mediated by a specialized protein referred to as cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), whereas those of phospholipids (PLs) are facilitated by both CETP and a specific phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). In the present study, the authors compared phospholipid transfer (PLT) in normal subjects and in patients with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes (NIDD), which is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis. PLT was measured in different recombination experiments using an isotopic assay in which the transfer of labelled PLs from very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDLs) and low‐density lipoproteins (LDLs) to high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs) was determined. This allowed discrimination between the roles of VLDLs+LDLs, HDLs, and plasma PLT activity (PLTA). VLDL+LDL‐dependent PLT, HDL‐dependent PLT and PLTA were decreased in NIDD. VLDL+LDL‐dependent PLT was found to be negatively correlated with the PL/apolipoprotein B ratio, whereas HDL‐dependent PLT was positively correlated with the HDL2/HDL3and PL/apolipoprotein A‐I ratios and negatively correlated with the flow activation energy at the HDL surface. The HDL2/HDL3ratio was positively correlated with PLTA but not with CETP, which confirms previous reports suggesting that PLTP might act as an HDL conversion factor. These data show that several abnormalities in PLT occur in NIDD and raise the question as to whether a lowered PLT might be a new characteristic of dis factors associated with an increased risk

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.125258.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between levels of neopterin and endotoxin in the circulation, and whether the neopterin level was related to the development of severe sepsis after extensive burns. This prospective study included 35 patients with burn size greater than 30% (30–98%), and 22 healthy volunteers who served as a comparison group. Neopterin levels increased in most patients on day 3 post‐burn, but they were not significantly correlated with the extent of the burn surface (P > 0.05). A high serum neopterin level was found in patients with sepsis (n = 15), and a marked elevation persisted throughout the observation period. The difference between septic and non‐septic patients (n = 20) became significant on 14 and 28 days post‐burn. Although the presence of early endotoxaemia did not influence the alterations in serum neopterin, patients with endotoxaemia had much higher neopterin values than those who showed no endotoxaemia from the second week onward (P < 0.05–0.01). In addition, circulating endotoxin and neopterin levels were positively correlated in patients who developed endotoxaemia on day 14 (r = 0.368,P < 0.05) and day 21 (r = 0.439,P < 0.01) after major burns. These results suggest that thermal injury can lead to an elevation of serum neopterin independent of the burn surface area. The initial increase in the neopterin level may be a part of the acute‐phase response to tissue injury itself, whereas the endotoxin release in the circulation may be responsible for the continuous induction of neopterin during the late stage. In addition, the presence of a constant high neopterin level is associated with a critical eve

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.128257.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Post‐absorptive glucose metabolism was studied in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients and normal subjects using dideuterated glucose as tracer. From the progressive fall in blood glucose levels and the increase in isotopic enrichment, the post‐absorptive situation could not be regarded as a steady state for glucose metabolism, and non‐steady‐state approximations had therefore to be applied. However, this did not alter significantly the results in the 10 NIDDM patients studied. Significantly higher values of endogenous glucose production (EGP) were obtained (178.1 ± 24.0 mg m−2min−1vs. 80.2 ± 14.4;P < 0.01) if the tracer priming dose was not adapted to the degree of hyperglycaemia. Valid measurements could be made after only 1 h isotopic equilibration time if an appropriately matched priming dose was employed. Methodologically acceptable values for EGP in the 10 NIDDM patients did not differ significantly from those of 10 normal control subjects (80.2 ± 14.4 mg m−2 min−1vs. 85.6 ± 3.9; not significant). The post‐absorptive hyperglycaemia in these patients was assumed to st

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.134272.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors determined serum levels of the carboxy‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide and the carboxy‐terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (ICTP and PICP) in 18 patients with Gramnegative septicaemia before (day 0) and 28 days after therapy and in 18 age‐ and sex‐matched controls by radioimmunoassay. Elevated levels of ICTP were observed in septicaemic patients [median (range): 15 (7–49) μg L−1before therapy and 14 (6–45) μg L−128 days after therapy vs. 2.1 (1.4–4.3) μg L−1in normal subjects;P  0.05 for all]. The findings suggest an increased production or release of ICTP in Gram‐negative septicaemia, presumably owing to an alteration

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.135267.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors examined whether there is any correlation between the regression speed of cardiac β (V3)‐myosin heavy‐chain (MHC) isozyme and duration of overload. The results showed that in the right ventricle of a 1‐week overloaded group, the loaded ventricular MHC isozyme V3 (29.0 ± 5.0%,P < 0.05) returned to the control level within 1 week after relief of overload (20.4 ± 4.2%,P = NS), whereas in a 3 week overloaded group (32.8 ± 5.3%,P < 0.05) it took 10 weeks (36.6 ± 8.6%,P = NS). The left ventricle showed the same tendency as the right ventricle. In sham‐operated rats, however, the changes in MHC isozyme V3 in the left ventricle were greater than those in the right ventricle. These results suggest that regression speed of the cardiac MHC isoform, changed by pressure overload, is accompanied by the duration of overload. Furthermore, the right and left ventricles may have different responsiveness

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.141275.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY