ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We measured urinary pyridinoline and deoxy‐pyridinoline by high performance liquid chromatography, and urinary oestrogens by radio‐immunoassay, in 68 healthy postmenopausal women to evaluate these assays for the prediction soon after the menopause of the risk of developing osteoporotic fractures in later life. Change in forearm bone mineral content was assessed by single photon absorptiometry over 4 years.Although there was no significant correlation between the pyridinium crosslinks and urinary oestrogens, we found that up to 58% of the variation in the rate of loss of bone mineral content in women soon after the menopause could be explained by pyridinoline and oestradiol glucuronide assays together with body mass index. Measurement of the urinary pyridinium crosslinks and oestradiol glucuronide may make a significant contribution to a biochemical screening procedure for future osteoporotic fract

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The binding characteristics of insulin autoantibodies (IAA) were compared with those of antibodies to exogenous insulin (IBA) by analyzing the specific binding, binding capacity and affinity for insulin in 11 children (age range 1.5–13.0 years) with insulin‐dependent diabetes (IDDM) both at diagnosis and after 1 year of insulin treatment. Maximal specific insulin binding was 7.8 (1.5; SE) pmol‐1for IAA and 28.1 (6.7) pmol 1‐1for IBA (P<0.01), and the binding capacity of the high affinity class of IAA 0.01 (0.003) nmol l‐1, as compared with 0.19 (008) nmol 1‐1for the corresponding IBA class (P<0.01). With regard to the low‐affinity components the binding capacity was 0.11 (005) nmol l‐1for IAA and 1.50 (0.95) nmol l‐1for IBA (P<0.01). No differences in the affinity constants could be observed between IAA and IBA. There was no correlation between the insulin binding of IAA and quantitative levels of islet cell antibodies (ICA) at the clinical presentation or subsequent IBA values. The specific insulin binding of IBA correlated negatively with serum C‐peptide concentrations and positively with HbA1levels at 1 year. The present observations suggest that IAA developing before the diagnosis of IDDM are characterized by a reduced binding capacity as compared with antibodies to exogenous insulin, whereas they have a similar affinity for insulin. IAA seem to be quantitatively unrelated to ICA and postdiagnostic IBA levels. High IBA levels appear to be associated with reduced endogenous insulin secretion and poor metabolic control during the early clinical co

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The aim of this study was to determine whether insulin receptor processing capabilities of human erythrocytes could be improved by changing the cell membrane lipid composition using an intravenous infusion of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine. Thirteen cirrhotics were submitted to the i.v. infusion of phosphatidylcholine (2 g day‐1for 3 days). Both erythrocyte lipid composition and insulin receptor processing ability were examined at the beginning of the study and at 0, 3 and 11 days after the end of the treatment. This treatment decreased the erythrocyte cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio and increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly linoleic acid) immediately after the end of the treatment. The proportion of arachidonic acid increased immediately in the phosphatidylserine class and, a few days later, also in phosphatidylethanolamine. The phospholipid class distribution did not show any relevant modification in the course of the study. Surface insulin receptors, which generally were up‐regulated in the untreated subject (— 7.1±20.4%), showed an improvement in down regulation capabilities that appeared to be well correlated with the changes in lipid composition of cell membranes induced by i.v. infusion of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine. The confirmation of these findings also in target cells for insulin may open new perspectives in the treatment of diabetes me

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The diagnostic potential of assays detecting anti‐neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA), anti‐GBM antibodies and anti‐dsDNA antibodies was evaluated by examining sera from time of admission in a consecutive series of 455 patients with biopsy verified primary or secondary glomerulonephritis (GN). ANCA were classified into c‐ and p‐ANCA by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and ELISAs using alfa‐granule extract, proteinase‐3, myeloperoxidase (MPO), elastase and lactoferrin. C‐ANCA was virtually confined to 64 patients with systemic small vessel vasculitis, 66–74% being c‐ANCA positive. P‐ANCA against MPO, seen in 47 patients, segregated through many diagnostic categories of primary and secondary severe GN. ANCA against lactoferrin and elastase were rare. Anti‐dsDNA positive patients constituted 57% of the 44 ANA‐positive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.It is concluded that the IIF and ELISAs for anti‐proteinase‐3, anti‐MPO, anti‐dsDNA and anti‐GBM have an acceptable performance and are useful in the primary diagnostic work‐up of patients suspected for secondary GN as the majority of such patien

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Changes in blood glucose homeostasis induced by the new somatostatin analogue BIM 23014 (BIM) were studied. Eight normal men (study 1) received either vehicle or 1000, 2000 and 3000 μg BIM as a 24 h s.c. infusion. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, C‐peptide, glucagon and growth hormone (GH) were measured before treatment and then hourly for 24 h. In five normal men (study 2) an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed during vehicle infusion and then on days 1 and 7 of a continuous s.c. infusion of 2000 μg BIM daily for 7 days. The same biological parameters as in study 1 were measured before OGTT and then twice‐hourly for 5 h. Dose‐dependent and transient glucose intolerance was observed in the first half of study 1. Except for glucagon, BIM significantly (p<0.01) reduced plasma insulin, C‐peptide and GH levels. In study 2 BIM infusion induced glucose intolerance and a drop in plasma insulin and C‐peptide on day 1 which disappeared on day 7 of infusion. Higher on day 7 than on day 1, plasma GH secretion was significantly (p<0.01) reduced throughout BIM infusion. In contrast plasma glucagon levels were not modified at any time. Side‐effects were abdominal cramps and diarrhoea which were observed in most subjects when increasing BIM daily dose. In conclusion, BIM infusion induced transient changes in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in normal men. By contrast, plasma GH levels remained reduced throughout the treatment. BIM appears to be a useful tool to selectively inhibit

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This study was performed in order to assess the relative role of cholestasis in increasing some serum glycoproteic markers of malignancy (CA 19–9, TPA, CEA). 30 Patients with benign and 16 with malignant extra‐hepatic cholestasis were studied on admission (stage A) and after the operative or spontaneous resolution of the cholestatic picture (stage B). CA 19–9 and TPA were found to be lower in stage B than in stage A benign diseases. A similar behaviour was found in malignant diseases, although findings were significant only for CA 19.9. In neither of the patient groups was CEA found to present a significant trend. Extra‐hepatic cholestasis appears able to increaseper seserum glycoproteic markers in benign diseases, with variations proportional to the severity of the clinical picture. The same considerations can apply to malignancies, even if in these situations the production of tumour markers by the neoplastic growth should also be considered. We should therefore be cautious in assessing the diagnostic usefulness of new tumour markers when cholestasis is

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The collagenous constituents of mature bone of 30 individuals 22–93 years of age were studied by post‐mortem morphological and biochemical analysis. Morphometric evaluation of the second lumbar vertebral body revealed striking interindividual differences in bone mass, mean trabecular density and mean trabecular thickness. Collagen extracted from vertebral trabecular bone by limited pepsin digestion consisted mainly of collagen I (92%) and collagen V (8%). Immunohistochemistry revealed a distinct distribution of these two collagen types within the bone matrix. The degree of lysyl hydroxylation of the α2(I) collagen chain correlated inversely with the trabecular bone volume (TBV) and with the mean trabecular plate density. This correlation was statistically significant for the entire study group as well as for the female and male subgroups. Within the female subgroup, the lysyl hydroxylation/TBV ratio was higher in postme‐nopausal than in premenopausal women and was highest in women with established osteoporosis. No significant correlation was found between the level of lysyl hydroxylation and the age of the patients. The α 1(1) collagen chain showed a nearly constant degree of lysyl hydroxylation in all 30 samples. The results provide convincing evidence that morphometric changes associated with osteopenia in adult bone are accompanied by an altered level of lysyl hydroxylation of the α2(I)‐chain of collagen I. The biochemical alterations observed may be responsible for the deposition of a deficient bone matrix in osteopenic

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Post‐prandial lipaemia was investigated in a group of nine subjects with nephrotic syndrome by following the concentrations of triglyceride and retinyl palmitate in the d<1.006 g ml‐1fraction of plasma after a standard oral fat load containing vitamin A. Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase activities were measured in post‐heparin plasma. Subjects with other renal disease but insignificant protein‐uria acted as controls. The time course of the lipaemic response was similar in both groups although individual patients demonstrated a prolonged lipaemia. Overall, there were no significant differences in the rise in triglyceride at 6 h (nephrotic—median 2.53 mmol 1‐1; range 0.87–4.76 vs. control 1.88; 0.38–4.12,p= 0.34), the peak concentration of retinyl palmitate (nephrotic 0.87 mg dl‐1; 0.27–2.16 vs. control 0.65; 0.24–1.89,P= 0.97) or the areas under the curve from 0.24 h for triglyceride (nephrotic 10.5 mmol. h l‐1; 2.9–43.6 vs. control 9.7; 4.3–27.0,P=l.0) or retinyl palmitate (5.5 mg.h dl‐1; 1.0–23.4 vs. 4.3; 1.5–12.4,P= 0.7). At baseline, the particles in the d<1.006 g ml‐1fraction of plasma from nephrotic subjects had a higher free cholesterol: phospholipid ratio but this difference was no longer apparent 6 h after the test meal. There were no differences in total heparin‐releasable lipase, lipoprotein lipase or hepatic triglyceride lipase activities between the two groups. These data suggest that impaired clearance of chylomicrons is not a major contributor

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY