ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00781.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00782.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We studied 11 female alcoholics before and after ethanol withdrawal of 2 weeks and 10 healthy normolipidaemic, nonalcoholic women of similar age. In alcoholic women the HDL2mass was increased by 63% (P<0.01) on admission and normalized (P<0.01) during abstention. The concentrations of HDL3cholesterol and its mass remained unchanged throughout the study. Consistently with the fall of HDL2gradient gel electrophoresis analyses also demonstrated decrease of the cholesterol concentration of HDL2band HDL2a(P<0.05) during alcohol withdrawal. On admission the apo A‐II concentration was increased by 48% (P<0.01) and it was normalized (P<0.001) during abstention. Among apo A‐I containing lipoproteins the most prominent change occurred in Lp A‐1: A‐11, which fell by 32% (P<0.01) during 1 week's alcohol withdrawal. During abstention the lipoprotein (a) concentration increased in 10 out of 11 women. In patients cholesteryl ester transfer (CETP) activity increased by 35% (P<0.01) during 1 week of ethanol withdrawal. On admission post‐heparin plasma lipoprotein (LPL) and hepatic lipase activities were increased by 25% (P = NS); during 1 week's abstention they both returned to the control level (P<0.05–<0.01). In conclusion, chronic alcoholic women display multiple changes of lipoprotein metabolism which are rapidly reversed during abstinence. In contrast to alcoholic men, studied previously by us using the same study design and methods, there was no significant elevation of HDL3cholesterol and apo A‐I. The data suggest that alcohol interferes with several regulatory steps of HDL metabolism which are partly gen

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00783.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.On the basis of a preliminary observation that sodium‐lithium countertransport showed different intra‐individual variations when calculated by two standard methods despite using the same sets of lithium efflux data, we decided to compare values by the two methods in a much larger number (50) of volunteers. Although there was significant correlation between the two sets of values (r =0.936), mean value by M‐l was significantly higher than that by M‐2 (P<0.007). Using appropriate statistical methodology, the limits of agreement between M‐l and M‐2 values (‐0.066 to 0.096 mmol L cell‐1h‐1) were considerable; and the 95% confidence limits of the bias (i.e. mean difference) did not include zero. Furthermore, neither the 95% confidence interval for the correlation coefficient nor that for the slope of regression line included 10. These suggest lack of agreement between the two sets of values. The probable cause of this differ

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00784.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effects of treating the anaemia of end‐stage renal failure with erythropoietin were studied in nine dialysis patients. The increase in haemoglobin concentration (by 59% from 7.0 ± 1.2 to 11.1 ± 1.1 g dl‐1) was associated with increases in exercise duration (by 41%) and maximum oxygen consumption (by 34%). Treatment reduced resting heart rate but did not significantly alter heart rate at maximum exercise, nor resting or exercise blood pressure. Resting arterial potassium concentrations were slightly increased after treatment, but they increased similarly in relation to minute ventilation during exercise. Lactic acidaemia developed during exercise at both levels of haemoglobin, and was accompanied by similar reductions in arterial pH and bicarbonate levels but constant Pao2and Paco2. Ventilation was coupled to the metabolic rate of carbon dioxide production, ventilatory dead‐space and arterial Pco2before and after treatment of anaemia, the ventilatory requirement for carbon dioxide elimination being unchanged. Treatment of anaemia did not alter resting arterial lactate concentration; the concentration of lactate at maximum exercise was increased slightly following treatment but this increase did not reach statistical significance. The rate of increase in arterial lactate concentration as a function of oxygen consumption, assessed both with respect to the ‘lactate threshold’ and ‘lactate slope index’, was significantly delayed by treatment. Treatment of anaemia also delayed the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and there was good correlation between lactate and anaerobic thresholds. Treatment of renal anaemia by erythropoietin thus results in improved tissue oxygen supply during exercise, reflected by delay in the onset

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00785.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the increased ventilation to carbon dioxide production relationship on exercise associated with chronic cardiac failure may be due in part to changes in respiratory pattern, causing an increase in anatomical dead space ventilation. In order to assess the effect of changes in respiratory pattern on the relationship between ventilation and carbon dioxide production, normal subjects exercised at the same level at three different respiratory rates (normal, 25% slower, 25% faster). Nine healthy subjects were recruited from amongst hospital staff volunteers. Minute ventilation, carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption were measured. There were no significant changes in ventilation, carbon dioxide production, or the correlation between ventilation and carbon dioxide production. This finding lends support to the view that changes in respiratory pattern can only be responsible for a very small proportion of the Ve/Vco2slope difference between chronic cardiac failure and normals.

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00786.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The influence of Pb exposure on blood pressure was investigated in Wistar Kyoto, Sprague Dawley and stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. In short‐term experiments, a dose‐dependent decrease of blood pressure was found with administration of Pb acetate in drinking fluid. This effect was more pronounced in young, male as compared to old, female animals. Pressor responses to noradrenalin and ANG II were decreased. In contrast, long‐term Pb exposure of more than 1 year duration consistently caused hypertension. In SHR‐sp a high proportion of animals died from cerebrovascular haemorrhage even before developing hypertension. Chronically Pb exposed hypertensive rats had increased plasma volume and total body sodium despite normal renal function. Plasma concentrations of catecholamines and PRA were normal. The results show a biphasic effect of Pb on blood pressure. An important role of renal sodium retention in chronic Pb‐induced experimental hypertension is

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00787.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY