ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Around 35 participants took part in one‐and‐a‐halfday's presentations and discussions of on‐going r

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The degradation of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was studied using an isolated perfused rat lung model.125iodine labelled VIP (125I‐VIP) was used as a tracer. VIP was cleared from the perfusate by a single lung passage up to concentrations of 1 nmol 1‐1. The clearance rate was decreased at higher concentrations of VIP. VIP was taken up by the lung tissue and the cleavage products were re‐extruded into the perfusate. The time delay of re‐extrusion was increased at starting concentrations of VIP exceeding 1 nmol 1‐1and in the presence of the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine. After a bolus of 9 pmol or 40 nmol125I‐VIP into the pulmonary artery catheter 6.3 pmol or 2920 pmol, respectively, were bound by the lung. Most of the radioactive material was extruded within 25 min and consisted of low molecular weight125I‐labelled degradation products.We conclude that the receptors for VIP in the alveolar capillaries are of high affinity and capacity to extract VIP from the circulation and that lysosomes may be involved in the degradation. The degradation products are of low mol

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.To clarify the origin of plasma DOPA (3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanine), the relationship between plasma DOPA and acute or chronic changes in sympathetic activity has been studied. Plasma DOPA and noradrenaline (NA) concentrations were measured by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Administration of clonidine to healthy men decreased plasma NE markedly compared to no drug. Plasma DOPA decreased slightly but significantly with time, but values were identical after clonidine compared to no drug. Baseline plasma NE concentrations were significantly reduced in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy compared to diabetics without neuropathy, whereas baseline plasma DOPA concentrations were similar in the three groups investigated: 6–55 (5.03 7.26, median [interquartile range],n= 8) nmol 1‐1in diabetics with neuropathy, 7.41 (5.79–7.97,n= 8) nmol 1‐1in diabetics without neuropathy, and 6.85 (5.58–7.36,n=8) nmol 1–1in controls. No relationship was obtained between baseline values of plasma NE and plasma DOPA. Plasma DOPA did not change in the upright position, whereas plasma NE increased significantly. Our results indicate that plasma DOPA is not related to sympathetic activity and may be of no

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A recent study has shown that young, lean, hypertensive subjects are more insulin resistant than corresponding normotensive subjects. Whether this finding can also be demonstrated in the presence of non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is not known. Therefore, the degree of insulin resistance was studied in 26 middle‐aged hypertensive patients with NIDDM (11 men, 15 women) and 14 normotensive patients with NIDDM (eight men, six women) matched for age, metabolic control and the duration of diabetes, utilizing the glucose clamp technique. Non‐obese NIDD patients (body mass index<27.0 kg m‐2) with hypertension (n= 11) had significantly lower glucose disposal rates (GDRs) during the last 60 min of euglycaemic (5.5 mmol 1‐1) and hyperinsulinaemic (600 pmol 1‐1) clamp studies than NIDD patients without hypertension (n=6) (782.94 vs. 1418±97 μmol m‐2min‐1, P<0.05). In contrast, GDRs were similar in obese NIDD patients with (n=15) and without (n= 8) hypertension (802 ± 90 vs. 849 ± 90 μmol m‐2/min‐1, respectively,P=NS). Basal hepatic glucose output, suppression of hepatic glucose production during hyperinsulinaemia and insulin secretion capacity did not differ between hypertensive and normotensive subjects. In a 2‐h oral glucose‐tolerance test non‐obese hypertensive NIDD subjects had higher fasting (P<0.01), 1‐h and 2‐h insulin levels (P<0.05) and areas under the insulin curve (P<0.05) than nonobese normotensive NIDD subjects, although no difference in fasting, 1‐h or 2‐h glucose concentra

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Preliminary clinical studies and recentin vitroinvestigations suggest that iodine administration may be an effective alternative in the treatment of the diffuse euthyroid goitre of iodine deficiency. Therefore a 12‐month multicentre study was initiated in which 166 patients were randomly assigned to take either 150 μg levothyroxine day‐1(group A,n= 61), 400 μg iodine day‐1(group B,n= 50), or a combination of 75 μg levothyroxine and 200 μg iodine day‐1(group C,n= 55) for 8 months with follow‐up examinations at 4 and 8 months as well as 4 months after cessation of treatment. Initially, thyroid volume, as determined by ultrasound, was not significantly different in the three groups.In all three groups, during treatment a significant and comparable mean decrease in goitre size was documented (‐32.1% in group A, ‐37.3% in group B, ‐38.7% in group C). After cessation of treatment in group A mean thyroid volume again increased to near the baseline value (‐12.0% compared to the initial investigation), while the therapeutic effect was sustained in group B (‐32.5%). In group C, only a slight rebound effect was observed (‐26.3%vsbaseline volume). Total thyroxine (T4) increased sharply and significantly in group A from 7.8 ± 1.9 to 10.9 ± 2.8 μg dl‐1after 8 months (P<0.001), but only slightly, although significantly in group B (from 7.8±1.5 μg dl‐1to 8.9 ± 1.6 μg dl‐1;P<0±02). Striking differences between the three groups were evident in the changes of basal and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulated thyrotropin (TSH). After 8 months a sharp and significant decrease of TSH occurred in group A (from 1.2±0.53 to 0.4±0.74 μU ml‐1;P<0001) and in group C (from 1.2 ± 0.97 to 0.5±0.56 μ ml‐1;P<0.001). In group B, TSH was also significantly lower (from 1.3 ± 1.04 to 0.9 ± 0.72 μUml‐1;P<0.02), but remained significantly higher compared to group A and group C. Similar changes were observed when the TSH after TRH administration was calculated. After cessation of treatment, the values for basal TSH and TRH‐stimulated TSH in the three groups were not significantly different from each other. They had increased to the initial values.Our data clearly show that iodine alone (400 μg day‐1) or a combination of 75 μg levothyroxine and 200 μg iodine day‐1are at least equally as effective for goitre reduction as levothyroxine alone (150 μg day‐1) and offers th

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.One‐hundred‐and‐one patients referred because of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) were prospectively followed for a mean period of 42 months. At presentation they were screened for signs and symptoms of connective tissue disease (CTD) according to a detailed protocol. At presentation 37 patients had primary RP (PRP), nine had RP in combination with vascular occlusive disease (RP‐VOD), 25 had one symptom of a CTD (questionable PRP), 13 had two or more symptoms (undifferentiated CTD, UCTD) and 17 had definite CTD. Progression from one of these groups to another was seen in 24 patients and from PRP, RP‐VOD or questionable PRP towards a (U)CTD was seen in 19 patients. Patients with one sign of CTD showed a high tendency (56%) to develop CTD. The presence of ANA as detected by immunofluorescence and by immunoblotting at the start of the study was associated with the future development of symptoms of CTD; positive predictive value 65% and 71% and negative predictive value 93% and 83%, respectively. ANA‐testing by immunoblotting was of special help in predicting the development of scleroderma, the CREST syndrome and mixed connective tissue disease. In conclusion, testing for ANA by indirect immunofluorescence helps to discriminate between patients with persisting PRP and those who will develop a CTD, while testing for ANA by the immunoblotting technique helps to predict the development of a s

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Adherence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) to the endothelial lining of blood vessels is an essential component of the inflammatory response. In this study the effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on the adherence of PMNs has been examined using anin vitromodel system.Human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) were grown on fibronectin‐coated plastics. CMV infection of HUVEC resulted in the appearance of viral antigens in a small percentage of the cells. At 24 h post‐infection when no virus‐induced cytopathic effect could be observed in the cell monolayers, the adherence of PMNs was significantly increased. The virus‐induced adherence effect was cell bound and could not be induced by soluble components in the medium of the virus‐infected cells. The augmentation of the PMN adherence to CMV‐infected endothelium was sensitive to tunicamycin suggesting that the virus infection induces the expression of glycoproteins on the HUVEC membranes which are responsible for the PMN adherence.Thus CMV infection of the endothelium results in an increased adherence of PMNs. In thein vivosituation systemic viral infection can potentially lead to infection of blood vessel endothelium and thus can induce a damage of endothelium. This phenomenon could play a role in the atherogene

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Cytochromes P450 (P450) are a family of isozymes which play an important role in xenobiotic metabolism. The concentration of three P450 isozymes, namely P450‐IIEl(Alc),‐HIA(NF) and ‐IIC8‐10(MP) has been measured in human liver biopsies of patients with different alcohol and drug intake status. All these three P450s were expressed in all subjects. Ethanol intake increased P450‐IIEl(Alc) content with no effect on the content of the two other P450s. Drug intake (barbiturates) increased both P450‐IIIA(NF) and ‐IIC8‐10(MP) content without any effect on P450‐IIEl(Alc). This paper brought, at protein level, further evidence of the importance of environmental conditions on P450 isozyme pattern, and therefore, on drug metabolizing capaci

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY