摘要:

Abstract.Rabbit abdominal aortas were overdilated for 12 minutes by means of a balloon catheter. After time intervals of 3 minutes to 48 hours they were perfused with Krebs‐Ringer solution, followed by glutaraldehyde and embedded for light and electron microscopic examination.—The over‐dilation produced a disappearance of the endothelium and caused necrosis of the media. Blood platelets adhered loosely to the exposed subendothelial tissue within the first few minutes. Later they formed a carpet on the subendothelial tissue which was continuous only for a few hours. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) adhered in addition to the platelets 1 hour after overdilation. Some of them migrated into the necrotic media within 2–4 hours. At the same time an increasing number of monocytes adhered and began to spread out over PMN, platelets and residues of subendothelium. Subendothelium which was again exposed after the initial platelet carpet had disappeared was less attractive to further platelets. Platelets did not adhere either to the settled PMN or to the outspreading monocytes. It is therefore suggested that PMN and monocytes are involved in preventing further platelet aggr

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00561.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Young male rats metabolize xylitol, sorbitol and fructose with a half‐life of 165 seconds. Within 10 min. after the intravenous injection of a load of these substrates more than 70% of the carbon‐14 in plasma is present as14C‐glucose. The labelling of plasma glucose from these substrates appears to be insulin‐independent. A small percentage of labelled xylitol, sorbitol and fructose is retained by the liver as glycogen and total lipids. In the normal rat, this process appears to be insulin‐independent. In the chronic streptozotocin‐diabetic rat, insulin acutely enhances glycogen synthesis from all three substrates and reduces their incorporation into total lipids. Once these substrates have been converted to glucose the further storage as muscle glycogen and adipose tissue total lipids is entirely dependent on insulin, both in the normal and in the streptozotocin‐diabetic rat. Fructose makes an exception since it is metabolized by adipose tissue independently of insulin. In the light of these results in the rat a re‐evaluation of the use of various carbohydrates and polyols in parenteral nutrition of normal and diabetic subjects ap

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00562.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.1. Toads were kept without solid nourishment for four months or more, and the morphological and functional characteristics of their intestines were compared with those of freshly captured animals. 2. The intestinal mucosa is one of the organs that is specifically and preferentially consumed during the process of autophagy. Histological sections reveal that a substantial loss of villous architecture is incurred. The epithelial cells covering the mucosal surface are interspersed with frequent vacuoles, the significance of which is as yet unclear. 3. The absorptive capacity of intestinal slices excised from autophagous toads, determined by their ability to accumulate radioactive phenylalanine, is lower than that of normal animals, but this difference can be ascribed to the distinct tissue composition of the intestinal slices. 4. Intestinal slices of autophagous toads have a lower respiration rate but higher glucose consumption than those of normal animals.

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00563.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Rats with surgically created self‐filling sacs of jejunum (approximately 6 cm long at operation) grew more slowly than controls and reached a final weight of 300 ± 26 g compared with controls 370±12g. The blind loop animals excreted twice as much fat in the faeces as normal animals. In addition, increased amounts of protein metabolites were detected in the urine of blind loop animals. Indican was increased by 120%, indolyl‐3‐acetic acid by 30%, amines by 10%, hippuric acid by 66% and total phenols by 130%. It is suggested that these metabolic abnormalities contribute to the impairment of growth of animals with intestinal stagnant loops. Mean bacterial concentrations were 100‐fold greater throughout the small intestine of blind loop animals. This increase was due principally to an increased number of anaerobic organisms and was associated with deconjugation and dehydroxylation of bile acids. Lincomycin was more effective than neomycin in controlling steatorrhoea, and in preventing the deconjugation and dehydroxylation of bile acids. Both antibiotics were equally effective in reducing the excretion of bacterial metabolites in the urine of blind loo

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00564.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A radioimmunoassay method for the measurement of angiotensin II in human plasma is described. The hormone is extracted quickly by Dowex (H+) particles. Angiotensinase and converting enzyme are inhibited by a mixture of EDTA and o‐phenanthroline. Blood samples can be processed at room temperature. Recoveries from blood were 83%± 11 (SD),n=44. Replicates within one assay varied about their mean with a standard deviation of ± 10%, n=16. The smallest concentration detectable, using 10 ml plasma samples, was 2 pg/ml plasma. Peripheral venous plasma concentrations in 33 normal adults ranged from 5 to 35 pg/ml. Plasma angiotensin II concentrations in some physiological and clinical conditions are repor

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00565.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The frequency of twenty‐two HL‐A antigens has been determined in a series of one hundred and seventy patients with haematological malignant diseases. One HL‐A specificity, HL‐A 11, was found to be less frequent among the patients with haematological malignant diseases than among control subjects, Other HL‐A specificities were found to be more frequent in patients with certain diseases, as HL‐A 1 in chronic myelocytic leukaemia, HL‐A 2 in acute myeloblasts leukaemia, W 28 in lymphomas, and W 15 in Hodgkin's disease. Although the statistical significance of these variations remains doubtful, because of the relatively small number of patients tested, the findings suggest there may be a correlation between HL‐A antigens and susceptibility to haematological mal

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00566.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Two groups of trained dogs were subjected to sodium chloride depletion and plasma ADH concentration, renin activity, plasma sodium, plasma osmolality, blood volume, hematocrit and body weight were measured. In one group of animals, sodium depletion was created by restricting intake to 5 mEq/24 h. Despite a statistically significant decrease in body weight and blood volume and a corresponding increase in plasma renin activity, plasma ADH concentration was not seen to change significantly from control values. Similar findings were seen in a second group of dogs which were given a diuretic in addition to dietary sodium restriction. In these animals the decrease in blood volume and rise in plasma renin activity were proportionately greater. Plasma ADH concentration was not observed to change significantly in this group of animals either. Both groups of animals developed significant hyponatremia during the experiment. It is concluded that in these dogs, the secretion of ADH was not suppressed and consequently hyponatremia developed. It is suggested that endogenous angiotensin was responsible for the continued secretion of ADH at control levels.

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00567.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In a study of the value of urinary enzyme activities as an indication of glomerular or tubular damage, the effects of two nephrotoxic agents (4‐nitrophenylarsonic acid and rabbit anti‐rat kidney serum) on the urinary excretion of four β‐glycosidases were compared using fluorimetric assays with 4‐methylumbelliferyl substrates. The electrophoretic mobilities on starch gel of urinary β‐galactosidase, β‐glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase and β‐glucuronidase, at various times up to 26 days after the injection of the nephrotoxins into the rat, were compared with those of the corresponding enzymes present in normal rat urine, kidney and serum. 4‐Nitrophenylarsonic acid causes tubular damage characterised by an immediate rise in the rates of excretion of the four β‐glycosidases, followed by a return to normal values. In Masugi glomerulonephritis the immediate rise in enzyme excretion is much less marked but greater increases occur after 10 to 12 days. The increases in excretion rate correlate roughly with the stages of the disease. Both glomerular and tubular damage produce characteristic changes in the excretion of all of the enzymes studied, but β‐glucosidase appears to be the most useful indicator of kidney tubular damage, as it is the least widely distributed of these enzymes and is not normally found in urine or serum at si

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00568.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of adrenergic stimulation and blockade on metabolic responses to arginine have been studied. Phentolamine enhanced, and adrenalin diminished, the rise in serum immunoreactive insulin that followed intravenous arginine; these effects were not secondary to changes in blood levels of arginine, glucose or free fatty acids following the amino acid infusion. Phentolamine did not affect the clearance of infused insulin from the blood stream. It was concluded that adrenergic receptor sites are involved in the modulation of the secretion of insulin in response to an infusion of arginine.

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00569.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY