ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1996.tb02144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1996.tb02145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The role of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene in familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCH) is unclear at present. We screened a group of 28 probands with familial combined hyperlipidaemia and a group of 91 population controls for two LPL gene mutations. D9N and N291S. LPL‐D9N was found in two probands and one normolipidaemic population control. LPL‐N291S was found in four probands and four population controls. Subsequently, two pedigrees from probands with the D9N mutation and two pedigrees from probands with the N291S mutation were studied, representing a total of 24 subjects. Both LPL gene mutations were associated with a significant effect on plasma lipids and apolipoproteins. Presence of the D9N mutation (n = 7) was associated with hypertriglyceridaemia [2.69± 1.43 (SD) mmol L‐1] and reduced plasma high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentrations (0.92± 0.21 mmol L‐1) compared with 11 non‐carriers (triglyceride 1.75± 0.64 mmol L‐1; HDL‐C 1.23± 0.30 mmol L‐1,P= 0.03 andP= 0.025 respectively). LPL‐D9N carriers had higher diastolic blood pressures than non‐carriers. LPL‐N291S carriers (n= 6) showed significantly higher (26%) apo B plasma concentrations (174± 26 mg dL‐1) than non‐carriers (138± 26 mg dL‐1;P= 0.023), with normal post‐heparin plasma LPL activities. Linkage analysis revealed no significant relationship between the D9N or N291S LPL gene mutations and the FCH phenotype (hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia or increased apo B concentrations). It is concluded that the LPL gene did not represent the major single gene causing familial combined hyperlipidaemia in the four pedigrees studied, but that the LPL‐D9N and LPL‐N291S mutations had significant additional ef

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1996.tb02146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1996.tb02147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.There has been no simultaneous evaluation of different aspects of insulin action in ageing. We studied 12 elderly (77 ± 2 years) and 12 young (26 ±1 years) subjects with normal glucose tolerance and matched for sex, body mass index, lean body mass (LBM), blood pressure and physical activity, using a euglycaemic‐hyperinsulinaemic clamp at about 350 pmol L‐1in combination with [3H]‐glucose infusion. In the elderly group, hepatic glucose production was normal, fasting serum insulin and C‐peptide were significantly increased (P= 0.001) and glucose utilization (34.4 ±2.4 vs. 44.4± 3.2μmol kg‐1LBM min‐1,P= 0.02) and the percentage maximal suppression of C‐peptide (58 ± 6% vs. 79 ±5%,P= 0.02) during the clamp were reduced. Fasting plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol levels were similar in the two groups, but their percentage maximal suppression during the clamp was reduced in the elderly group (FFA 45± 5% vs. 77 ± 6%,P= 0.001; glycerol 43 ± 5% vs. 76± 3%,P= 0.001). Branched‐chain amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine) and glucagon levels were similar in the two groups, both while fasting and during the clamp. Thus, insulin resistance in ageing appears selective on glucose utilization, inhibition of lipolysis and feedback inhibiti

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1996.tb02148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The retardation of gastric emptying induced by infusion of triglyceride into the small intestine is associated with suppression of antral pressure waves and stimulation of basal pyloric tone in combination with phasic pressure waves localized to the pylorus. The role of nitric oxide (NO) mechanisms in the control of pyloric motility was evaluated in 12 healthy male subjects (21–43 years), using the NO donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). Antropyloric pressures were measured with a manometric assembly incorporating nine sideholes, spanning the antrum and proximal duodenum, and a pyloric sleeve sensor. On separate days, an intraduodenal triglyceride infusion (10% intralipid at l mL min‐1) was started during antral phase I activity and continued for 60 min. On one of the days GTN (600μg) was given sublingually 20 min after start of the triglyceride infusion. The tonic pyloric motor response to triglyceride [5.6 (SEM 0.8.) vs. 2.7 (1.3) mmHg,P<0.001] and both the number [3.2 (0.2) vs. 2.2 (0.2) min‐1,P<0.05] and amplitude [40 (4) vs. 27 (5) mmHg,P<0.05] of phasic isolated pyloric pressure waves were reduced by GTN. These observations suggest that NO mechanisms are involved in the regulation of pyloric motor activity in

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1996.tb02149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The aim of the study was to determine the role of peripancreatic lymph node swelling in systemic immunological alterations during chronic hepatitis C (HC). The prospective study was carried out as a clinical study in a university hospital. Clinical, haematochemical and ultrasonographic findings in 182 patients were studied. Ultrasonography was performed by the same operator and the findings were evaluated blind without the operator knowing the clinical and haematochemical parameters. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers, anti‐HCV antibodies. LKMl, cryoglobulinaemia, rheumatoid factor and anti‐tissue antibodies were determined. Liver biopsy was carried out in 43 of the 182 patients. One or two pathological peripancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) were present in 30 of the 182 patients and, of the 30, 28 were anti‐HC positive. Only one patient in the non‐PLN group was positive for anti‐HCV, there being statistical significance (P<0.0001) between the PLN and non‐PLN groups. In HCV‐positive patients, extrahepatic immunological manifestations were observed (cryoglobulinaemia; positivity to anti‐smooth muscle, antinuclear and antimitochondrial antibodies; positivity to rheumatoid factor and LKMl). In five patients the presence of focal lymphocytic aggregates was detected by biopsy, whereas one patient presented typical ocular lesion of Mikulicz's syndrome. Our results may confirm the marked lymphotropism shown by the HC virus and indicate more complex immune system involvement, especially in view of the coexisting signs of immune system involvement related to the presence of intrahepatic cellular aggregates detected in our study. We believe that the peripancreatic adenopathy in chronic HCV hepatitis is an important diagnostic sign and may indicate an involvement of the C virus in the still unexplained extrahepatic immunolo

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1996.tb02150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentrations and apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes were determined in 46 patients with end‐stage renal disease both before as well as 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months after renal transplantation. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of cyclosporin A, prednisone and azathioprine. Before transplantation median Lp(a) levels did not differ between the patients and a healthy control group. A highly significant decrease (P<0.001) in Lp(a) levels was observed in both male and female patients 1 week after transplantation. This marked reduction in Lp(a) occurred at a time when patients were receiving the highest doses of corticosteroids. As steroid doses were gradually tapered. Lp(a) concentrations subsequently increased, although at 6 months levels were still significantly reduced (P<0.01) in women. No significant correlation was observed between Lp(a) and whole‐blood cyclosporin levels, nor was there any correlation with the azathioprine dose. The reduction in Lp(a) concentrations was seen for all apo(a) phenotypes observed in the st

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1996.tb02151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Propranolol, a non‐selectiveβ‐blocker, is used for treatment of portal hypertension as it is believed to diminish splanchnic blood flow both by reducing cardiac output (β1‐blockade) and by increasing splanchnic arteriolar resistance (β2‐blockade). However, possible vasodilatory properties of propranolol at higher concentrations may counteract splanchnic vasoconstriction. Nadolol, another non‐selectiveβ‐blocker, has also been suggested for treatment of portal hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of various concentrations of propranolol and nadolol on vascular resistance in isolated perfused mesenteric arterial beds from normal and portal hypertensive rats. At concentrations of 10‐7mol L‐1to 10‐6mol L‐1neither propranolol nor nadolol changed pressor responses to noradrenaline in normal rats. However, nadolol 10‐5mol L‐1significantly increased, whereas propranolol 10‐5mol L‐1reduced, noradrenaline‐induced vasoconstriction both in normal and in portal hypertensive rats. This unexpected vasodilatory effect of propranolol at high concentrations was present in preparations stimulated by both noradrenaline and methoxamine but not vasopressin and thus may be due to competitiveα‐receptor blockade. In contrast, nadolol lacked this effect and produced splanchnic arteriolar vasocons

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1996.tb02152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Having observed that serumβ2‐microglobulin concentration correlates with serum tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) concentration in postmenopausal osteoporosis, and that metacarpal endosteal diameter is dependent on bone resorption, we correlated the two biochemical parameters with the radiographic parameter to determine ifβ2‐microglobulin behaves like a biological marker of bone remodelling. In 105 women (mean age 68±4 years) consisting of 60 normal postmenopausal women and 55 osteoporotic postmenopausal women, there was a significant positive correlation between metacarpal endosteal diameter and these two biochemical values (r= 0.66 withβ2‐microglobulin andr= 0.68 with TRAP in the osteoporotic postmenopausal women:r= 0.48 withβ2‐microglobulin andr= 0.56 with TRAP in the normal postmenopausal women:P<0.001 for all comparisons). All three measurements were significantly higher (P<0.001) in the osteoporotic postmenopausal women than in the normal postmenopausal women. These findings show that serumβ2‐microglobulin behaves like a biological mark

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1996.tb02153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY