ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In a retrospectively analyzed series of 441 patients operated for primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 8.2%, which was three times higher than in the unselected age‐matched population. Following parathyroid surgery, the need for antidiabetic treatment was unchanged. The insulin response to an intravenous glucose load was enhanced preoperatively [95 mU/l ± 41 (SD)] in twenty‐six prospectively studied patients compared to postoperative (65 ± 41 mU/l) investigations (P<0.01). This response was inversely correlated (r= 2,P<0.01) to the serum phosphate concentrations but not related to calcium or parathyroid hormone levels.Postoperatively, most HPT patients experienced a deterioration of their glucose tolerance (t for i.v. glucose 54 ± 12 and 64 ± 21 min, respectively,P<0.05), and one‐third of them had pathological values at follow‐up. Despite this, neither the fasting blood glucose levels nor the values for haemoglobin A1cwere significant

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effects of hypotension induced by trimetaphan on ventilatory control were assessed in sixteen normal subjects under halothane anaesthesia. The breathing pattern, mouth occlusion pressures, lung mechanics, acid‐base balance, and arterial blood gases were analysed before and during trimetaphan infusion. During induced hypotension, the only significant change in the ventilatory variables was an increase in the ratio of inspiratory duration to total cycle duration from 0.39 ± 0.05 (SD) to 0.42 ± 0.03;P<0.01. The average minute ventilation remained unchanged. No modification in lung mechanics was observed, but all subjects developed a slight but significant hypocapnic alkalosis: PaCO2was reduced from 5.5 ± 0.4 to 5.2 ± 0.4 kPa (P± 0.001) and pH increased from 7.34 to 7.36 (P<0.05), without change in standard bicarbonate concentration.Our data indicate that the reduction in sympathetic nervous system activity induced by trimetaphan infusion in spontaneously breathing man causes only a minor alveolar hyperventilation. The weak respiratory response to hypotension suggests that changing peripheral afferent activity has little influence on the typically rapid breathing pattern induced by hal

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Ethinyl oestradiol increased rat biliary permeability for3H‐inulin and14C‐sucrose, and significantly raised serum concentrations of bile acids after 3 and 7 days' treatment (P<0.0005) and bilirubin after 7 days (P<0.005) but not after 3 days. Following intravenous infusion of bromsulphthalein or phenolphthalein, ethinyl oestradiol‐treated rats had elevated plasma concentrations of the three bile constituents, bromsulphthalein (P<0.0005 after 3 and 7 days), bromsulphthalein‐glutathione conjugate (P<0.005 after 3 days;P0.0005 after 7 days) and phenolphthalein glucuronide (P<0.005 after 3 days;P<0.0005 after 7 days), but the plasma concentration of unconjugated phenolphthalein, which was undetectable in bile, was unchanged. Similar changes followed partial biliary obstruction produced by bile cannula elevation. This pattern suggests that biliary constituents are refluxing from bile to plasma via the paracellular pathway, a concept further supported by structural changes in tight junction morphology in the oestrogen‐treated rats. ‘Leakiness’ of canalicular tight junctions may explain the pathophysiology of oestrogen‐indu

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Calcium malabsorption is common in the elderly and may contribute to the development of age‐related bone loss. To investigate its cause, we have measured radio‐calcium absorption, plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone in forty‐eight elderly women with a normal plasma creatinine. Calcium malabsorption was associated with low 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and was corrected by increasing these into the normal range by treatment with oral 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3. Treatment also increased 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D, and decreased parathyroid hormone concentrations.Before treatment, plasma parathyroid hormone was related to plasma creatinine but not to 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, and the change in absorption on treatment correlated inversely with plasma creatinine.51Cr EDTA clearance was measured in sixteen elderly women and confirmed that renal impairment was common even with a plasma creatinine in the normal range. Our results suggest that calcium malabsorption in the elderly is predominantly due to vitamin D deficiency; renal impairment is also common and contributes to the malabsorption by increasing the requireme

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Circulating hormone and metabolite profiles have been studied in ten patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, five patients with alcoholic hepatitis and/or fatty liver, and nine normal controls over a 12‐h period of meals and activity. Blood glucose was elevated throughout the day in both cirrhotic and non‐cirrhotic alcoholics (mean 12‐h glucose; controls 5.38 ± 0.16 (SEM) mmol/l; cirrhotics 6.98 ± 0.30 mmol/l,P<0.001; non‐cirrhotics 7.18 ± 0.26 mmol/l,P<0.001). Non‐cirrhotic alcoholics had an exaggerated insulin response to meals, whereas cirrhotic patients had hyperinsulinaemia throughout the day (mean 12‐h insulin; controls 16.3 ± 2.3 mU/l; cirrhotics 35.8 ± 6.6 mU/l,P<0.02). Growth hormone levels were elevated only in patients with cirrhosis (mean 12‐h growth hormone, 7.06 ± 1.35v.0.85 ± 0.17 μg/l,P<0.001). Serum Cortisol was persistently elevated in cirrhotics but only in the evening in non‐cirrhotic alcoholics. Lactate and pyruvate responses to meals were exaggerated in non‐cirrhotic patients whereas in cirrhotics, levels were persistently raised. Blood glycerol was elevated in all alcoholic patients whereas ketone body levels were normal. Hypertriglyceridae‐mia was observed only in non‐cirrhotic patients. No relationship between the endocrine and metabolic state was observed in either cirrho

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This report describes the isolation and culture of venous endothelial cells from the umbilical cord of an obligate heterozygote for homocystinuria. The effect of different sulphur‐containing amino acids on the viability and function of these cells was studied and compared with cultured normal endothelial cells. When endothelial cells were cultured in the presence of methionine (10 mmol/l) or homocystine (10 mmol/l), differences occurred between the viability and function of the heterozygote and normal cells in terms of51Cr release and ability to prevent platelet adherence. The Cr release corrected for spontaneous release increases for the heterozygote cells after incubation for 21 h in the presence of methionine to 81.3% (control cells, range: 0–23.3%,n= 5) and in the presence of homocystine to 141% (control cells, range: 13.5–55.2%,n= 5). The total number of platelets that adhere to confluent monolayers increases for heterozygote cells cultured in the presence of methionine to 0.98 ± 107platelets cm‐2(normal cells, range: 0.56–0.72 ± 107platelets cm‐2) and in the presence of homocystine to 1.41 ± 107platelets cm‐2(normal cells, range: 0.94–1±06 ± 107platelets cm‐2). Both normal and control cells were sensitive to homocysteine. This study indicates for the first time what vascular endothelial cells, derived from an obligate heterozygote, are (partly) deficient in cysthathionine synthase and are more susceptible to methionine‐ and homocystine‐mediated injury than normal endothelial cells. Consequently, in homocystinuria, due to dysfunction of the endothelial cells, toxic sulphur‐containing amino acids may accumulate in these cells, c

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Seventeen volunteers performed unilateral strength‐training of the quadriceps with high‐resistance, low‐repetition, dynamic exercise, thrice weekly for an average of 5 weeks. Both before and after the training period, bilateral measurements were made of isometric quadriceps strength, quadriceps cross‐sectional area (by ultrasound scanning), and thigh circumference.There were no significant changes in the untrained thighs. The trained quadriceps increased their isometric strength by more than they changed their cross‐sectional area (mean increments = 15% and 6% respectively). Quadriceps hypertrophy was underestimated by measurements of thigh circumference and could not be predicted from them.We conclude that studies of localized muscle growth require direct measurements of the size of the muscle(s) concerned. Nevertheless, these may still underestimate the improvements in strength produced by high‐resistan

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In the present study, an attempt was made to quantify free cholesterol transfer from lipolyzed VLDL to HDL, blood cells and heart cells. The experiments were carried outin vitroor in the isolated perfused rat heart with rat plasma VLDL labelled biosynthetically with [14C]‐palmitic acid and [3H]cholesterol, and with bovine milk lipoprotein lipase, human blood cells (erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets) or rat plasma HDL. Exchange and transfer of free cholesterol was followed by radioactivity and specific activity determinations. The study demonstrated an exchange of free cholesterol between VLDL and blood cells (6–10 h) and VLDL and HDL (120 min). However, none of the blood cells tested served as acceptor for lipolysis‐generated free cholesterol, whereas HDL did. In the isolated perfused rat heart, a maximum of 25% of the free cholesterol radioactivity lost from VLDL was found in the tissue. Since exchange must have contributed to this process, the transfer of free cholesterol molecules to the heart is necessarily lower. The study thus demonstrated minimal or possibly no net transport of free cholesterol from VLDL to cells and cell memb

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY