ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.To understand better impairment of glucose utilization in diabetics during a hyperosmolal state,in vitromodels were established to evaluate the effects of hyperosmolality on basal glucose uptake as well as glucagon dependent glucose release by isolated hepatocytes. In these studies simulating a hyperglycaemic (40 mmol glucose) and hyperosmolal (up to 500 mosm kg‐1, NaCl as added solute) state basal hepatic glucose uptake was reversibly suppressed by 19% when osmolality was increased by as little as 10 mosm kg‐1. No such effects on glucose uptake by isolated hepatocytes could be attained when the incubation's fluid osmolality was augmented by the addition of urea or mannitol. Estimations of the transport rates of 3‐O‐methyl‐glucose and uptake of 2‐deoxyglucose at 400 vs. 300 mosm kg‐1revealed that impaired intracellular enzymatic activity but not the transport rate of glucose into the cell were responsible for the hyperosmolal defect as uptake was more reduced (P<0.025) by increased osmolality for 2‐deoxyglucose (16%) than for 3‐O‐methylglucose (13%). Glucagon dependent glucose release from isolated hepatocytes was diminished by 17.8% when the osmolality was raised to400mosm kg‐1by NaCl as added solute. These data obtainedin vitrosupport the clinical contention that a hyperosmolal state, which corresponds to a loss of fluid in excess of solutes, is able to impair basal hepatic glucose uptake as well as glycogenolytic glucago

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tubular function were measured by means of the lithium clearance technique in 14 patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) and eight patients with essential hypertension (EH) before and after oral administration of captopril 25 mg.In RVH captopril reduced 51‐Cr‐EDTA clearance (67.3 (median) to 47.5 ml min‐1,P<0.01), proximal absolute reabsorption of fluid (53.9 to 41.5 ml min‐1,P<0.01) and distal absolute reabsorption of sodium (2195 to 1402 μmol min‐1,P<0.01), whereas proximal fractional reabsorption increased slightly (77.5 to 80.2%,P<0.02). In EH, however, these parameters were practically unaffected by captopril. In both RVH and EH plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and aldosterone were reduced after captopril, but atrial natriuretic peptide in plasma and urinary excretion rate of prostaglandin E2were unchanged. Blood pressure decreased after captopril in both groups, but the maximum fall in systolic BP was more pronounced in RVH (22%) than EH (13%).It is concluded that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition markedly reduced absolute reabsorption in both the proximal and distal tubules in RVH, in contrast to EH, predominantly due to fall in the GFR, and that the slight increase in proximal fractional reabsorption may be attributed to a reduction in the hydrostatic pressure in the peritubul

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00207.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.First generation shock wave sources have been proved to disintegrate gallstones effectively, but they require the immersion of the patient's body in a tank of water. A recently developed second generation shock wave source (Siemens‐Lithostar, Erlangen, FRG) generates shock waves electromagnetically. It presents several novel features. In particular the waterbath can be omitted and due to lower shock wave pressure general anaesthesia is not required.In vitrostudies showed that 36 out of 38 gallstones (11–30 mm in diameter) could be disintegrated. Two concrements resisting lithotripsy were pure white cholesterol stones.Independent of shape, size, and composition (cholesterol or pigment) the maximum diameter of remaining fragments after lithotripsy was between 1 and 8 mm. For sufficient disintegration precise focusing (±1 cm) of the stones and maximum power of the shock wave generator were requ

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00208.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The aim of the present study was to investigate antral endocrine cell populations and tissue and circulating hormone levels following a 4‐week oral regimen with prostaglandin E2(25, 250 and 5000 μg kg‐1b.i.d.) or a stable methyl analogue (5 and 50 μg kg‐1b.i.d.). Epithelial hyperplasia of the gastric antrum was observed with the highest dose of prostaglandin E2and both doses of the analogue, as evaluated by stereological methods and conventional cell count. The treatments significantly affected the endocrine cell population. Somatostatin‐immunoreactive cells were increased in proportion to the increased epithelial cellularity and plasma levels of somatostatin were increased in parallel. The tissue content of somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity differed according to the extraction procedure used, and was significantly higher than controls in specimens extracted in neutral water. In the neutral extracts an immunoreactive somatostatin of unidentified molecular structure dominated quantitatively over somatostatin 14 and 28, which were the major components in acetic acid extracts.The serotonin‐immunoreactive cell population was also significantly increased by natural prostaglandin E2and the analogue but the gastrin cell population was not significantly affected by treatments. Accordingly, no significant changes were observed in tissue or plasma gastrin levels.It is concluded that the epithelial hyperplasia of the antral epithelia produced by E2prostaglandins is associated with selective changes of endocrine cell populations. The changes were proportional to the increases of epithelial cellularity and required quantitative determination of the total antral volume to be detected. It may seem surprising that the most consistent finding in the hyperplastic antral mucosa was an increase of somatostatin‐immunoreactive cell population, and elevated tissue and plasma concentrations of this peptide, which has anti‐trophic actions on gastrointestinal epithelia. It is possible that somatostatin increments contribute to restrict the hyperplasia and are responsible for the reduced new cell production observed in prostaglandin‐induced hyperplasia of gastric and i

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00209.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Periodic fever syndromes usually do not show a clear fixed periodicity, and hence cannot be described by the mean and the standard deviation of the interval length. In those cases statistical tools must be used. Fever interval data can be described as a random point process; the renewal density function and its Fourier transform can be used to uncover hidden periodicities. In this report the estimation and evaluation of the renewal density function are described. The data of three patients with periodic fever were investigated. In one of these patients, suffering from periodic fever originating at the level of the hypothalamus, a 30‐day periodicity was observed. In a female patient with hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D and periodic fever, menstruation often coincided with or was preceded by a fever episode. In the third patient with a Familial Hibernian Fever‐like syndrome, an irregular fever pattern and no periodicity were found. The computerized analysis of the fever intervals may be useful in assessing various periodic fever syndro

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00210.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We analysed the composition of compact bone from 30 patients suffering from various forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Collagen and total protein content per cell of controls increased with the age of the donors, but were generally low in OI. In fibroblast cultures controls had a maximum of collagen synthesis between 2 and 9 years of age, an observation which was not seen in OI cells. In bone collagen both OI type II patients showed overhydroxylation of lysyl residues as did some patients with OI type III (25%) and OI type IV (33%). The collagen of OI type I patients was never found to be overmodified. In controls, collagen III was found exclusively during fetal time while it was present in significant amounts in bone tissue of all types of OI. The proportion of collagen V was somewhat higher in OI bones (about twice) than in controls. Our data suggest that the normal increase of collagen synthesis is defective in patients with OI. Perhaps some of these changes are due to specific molecular defects in collagen while others may be due to defective regulation of the maturation process.

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00211.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Although an optimal dose‐regimen has still not been established, the antiviral drug 3‘‐azido‐3‘‐deoxythymidine is known to improve the clinical condition of patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome‐related complex.The drug effect has mainly been assessed in terms of survival time and/or immunological parameters.One of the most prominent immunological features associated with immunodeficiency virus infection is a persistant hypergammaglobulinaemia due toin vivopolyclonal B‐lymphocyte activation.In vitrothis is reflected by a hyporesponsiveness of peripheral blood B‐lymphocytes to mitogen and antigen induced activation.The present paper deals with thein vitroimpact of 3′‐azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine on the immunoglobulin secretion in short‐term cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Twenty‐four human immunodeficiency virus antibody positive (seropositive) and 24 antibody negative (seronegative) individuals were studied. In addition, T‐ and B‐cell proliferation and the distribution of cell surface markers were determined in 3′‐azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine‐supplemented cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes from eight seronegative subjects.At concentrations similar to those reported in clinical trials, 3′‐azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine was found to suppress the mitogen and antigen induced proliferation of T‐cells from seronegative subjects. In contrast, B‐cell proliferation and the distribution of membrane markers appeared to be unaffected by the drug. Furthermore, 3′‐azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine did not alter thei vivoimmunoglobulin secretion capacity in autologous or allogeneic cultures of lymphocytes from seropositive subjects.In human immunodeficiency virus‐infected individuals the number of unactivated, circulating B‐cells is significantly reduced. The present results indicate that the functional capacity of these ‘remaining’ cells may

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00212.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In 10 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) was assessed using anin vitroassay based on the stimulation of DNA synthesis in the 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line. β‐Thromboglobulin (β‐TG) was used as an index for platelet α‐granules content. Platelet β‐TG content and PDGF were markedly decreased in diabetic patients while plasma β‐TG was increased as compared with control subjects. In diabetic patients, a significant negative correlation was found between plasma β‐TG level and β‐TG total platelet content, associated with a significant positive correlation between platelet β‐TG content and PDGF. These results suggest that PDGF release might be increased in diabetic subjects. This may account in part for the cell proliferation observ

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00213.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY