ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRelationships among indicators and causes of size advantages in industry are analysed here using Jöreskog and Goldberger's multiple indicator and multiple cause model. This approach is thought to be particularly appropriate for the study of size advantages in industry since only imperfect indicators of this important economic variable are typically available. An important objective of the analysis is to learn whether or not size advantages tend to be more effectively exploited in instances of high concentration. Estimation results suggest that this is indeed the case, and imply a direction of causation from concentration to realized size advantages much as earlier studies have found that concentration causes reductions in production costs and suboptimal capacity. This finding is important from a theoretical point of view since it suggests that further studies on the subject should consider the possibility that the degree to which size advantages in industry are exploited is endogenously determined. In addition, these findings imply that antitrust policies intending to reduce the relative sizes of leading firms must be sensitive to the potential for at least some losses in operating efficiency

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper considers possible determinants of diffusion processes and exposes to test hypotheses on determinants of mean lags per country and numbers of new products launched in each country. For drugs launched before 1969 these mean lags and numbers of products appear primarily to have been determined by commercial forces. Drugs launched after 1969 do not exhibit such predictable diffusion patterns. Assessents of regulatory tightness in the eighteen markets studied provide impressive explanations for changes in mean lag times per country and numbers of products launched‐in each country. FDA critics appear justified in claiming that FDA regulations have caused a US drug la

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple exit(quit)–voice (bargaining) model of strike activity is applied to a sample of foreign‐owned plants in British manufacturing industry. Strike activity is found to depend on both structural and cost factors. Intra‐enterprise trade appears to be a significant cost consideration for integrated firms. These findings have important implications for labour responses to the multinational enterprise and challenge the alleged bargaining disadvantage of l

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDo credit card transactions cost the retailer substantially more than other forms of payment? This question was central to a study of the relative costs of cash, cheque, credit card and credit account transactions to retailers in the United Kingdom. The study identifies the principal cost elements and provides quantitative estimates based upon a pilot sample. The costs of accepting credit card and providing credit accounts were found to depend crucially upon the generation of additional sales by these forms of payment.

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study analyzes factors determining the profitabilty of 750 of Canada's largest manufacturing firms, both domestic‐ and foreign‐controlled, over the period 1968‐1972. It is found that US‐controlled firms were more profitable than either Canadian‐ or other foreign‐controlled firms, when various firm‐ and industry‐specific factors are held constant. In addition, the higher was the degree of non‐resident (presumably American) ownership, the more profitable were US‐controlled firms. The reverse was true of other foreign firms. These results for US firms are consistent with the Hymer–Caves and internalization approaches to the multinational corporation. However, the results for other firms are not, thus suggesting that a ‘general’ theory of the multinational corporatio

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article discusses the impact of regulation on competition and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Prompted by concern over attempts at regulating the industry on the European level, we discuss the two basic forms of regulation which we observe to be typical, quality regulation (licencing) and price regulation. In doing so, the analysis focuses on the research segment of the pharmaceutical industry and discusses forms of competition by innovation. Following a recent paper by Nelson, the specific characteristics of competition in the pharmaceutical industry are developed as well as their welfare implications. Regulatory behaviorvis‐á‐visthe industry is analysed in terms of a behavioral model initially proposed by Stigler, and an attempt is made to incorporate into the analysis the experience of regulation in both Europe and the United States of Ame

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040212

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY