摘要:

AbstractResearch concerning the pharmaceutical industry rate of return has concentrated on two policy issues: (1) possible resource misallocation and (2) the drug innovation environment. Accounting returns are suspect for policy purposes, requiring attention to the role of, and impact on, expectations of returns. This paper uses evidence about expectations and about resource flows into R&D consistent with those expectations to infer the level of economic returns. Our results provide evidence of a decline in expected returns, with exit of firms and resources. Regulation may be one of the major causes of the adverse shift in prospective returns from R&D investments.

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper analyses a dominant firm model in which firms have convex production sets. The model is shown to be determinate, and to be expressible by a set of (n+1) equilibrium conditions. A previous attempt to obtain comparative statics results is criticized as being invalid, and a new framework for comparative statics is developed.

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe New York Times model is a large‐scale model which forecasts sales and earnings for theNew York Timesnewspaper. Sturcturally, it is composed of two major blocks; a demand module, and a production, cost and revenue module. The demand module, the heart of the model, is a set of simultaneous nonlinear econometric equations which forecast physical volume, approximately 35 categories of advertising lines and 10 categories of circulation. The second block is recursive and contains roughly 300 equations, some of which are stochastic behavioral equations. This block converts the volume forecasts into paging, newsprint consumption, newsprint distribution and manning requirements. These physical flows are then monetized, using price and wage forecasts, to produce estimates of revenue, fixed and variable costs, and operating profit. This paper summarizes the development of the model, with emphasis on the advertising and circulation model. It should be noted that the structure of the model is constantly evolving. Consequently, emphasis is placed on the conceptual underpinnings of the model not on a detailed presentation of the current structur

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEconometric models which explain the generation and distribution of foreign holidays undertaken by UK and German residents are constructed and estimated. These comprise the basic model, a less constrained transformation and a modified model which incorporates supply constraints and habit persistence. Both versions of the basic model are shown to exhibit a structural break across the two sets of origin data, suggesting that habit and/or supply factors are important. The empirical findings also imply that the British regard foreign holidays as luxuries whereas Germans view them as necessities.

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor firms manufacturing convenience goods there are three branding policies available, a proprietory brand policy, a retailer brand policy and a mixed brand policy. A firm's choice depends on differences in demand and promotion costs between the proprietory and retailer brand markets. This can be analysed using a simple elaboration of the standard 3rd degree price discrimination model. But if the two markets are not independent over the long‐term there may be other consequences of following the optimization rules of the model. If retailers develop consumers' preference for their own shops and their own brands, the demand advantage enjoyed by manufacturers' brands may be reduced further. The more willing are manufacturers to supply retailer brands, the more retailers win undermine the demand for manufacturers' proprietory brand

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reworks Weisskopf's estimates of the effect of foreign capital inflow on domestic savings for a later time period. The Sudan is presented as an example of a public sector dominated economy, dependent on one major export crop and politically unstable. While Weisskopf's savings function had an indication of a negative relationship between public sector savings and official foreign capital inflow, problems of collinearity between the independent variables cast doubt on its utility for analysis of economies dependent on limited primary exports. The negative relationship between public sector savings and official is explained in terms of the expansion of the state's bureaucracy and military.

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFinancial leasing is being used increasingly to acquire items of industrial equipment where use is more crucial than ownership. Its advantages over traditional forms of finance are straightforward and to a large degree appear to be based on the utilization of a cost advantage deriving from the fiscal system. In view of this, it might be expected that price would be a dominant marketing variable since the ‘product’ is relatively homogeneous, even though the industry structure is oligopolistic. This has been the case to a certain extent but policies of product differentiation and market segmentation have enabled firms to avoid some of the rigours of price competit

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent statutory and other developments in the United Kingdom seem to have stimulated the introduction of share‐ownership schemes for employees. This article considers the merits of such schemes, and their potential role within companies. The article also points up some weaknesses in the 1978 Finance Act, and suggests the need for caution on the part of those in industry who might contemplate the introduction of share‐ownership arrangeme

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY