摘要:

Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular genetic basis of cardiovascular diseases have been facilitated through animal model and human cases studies.The identification of genes that contribute to human diseases leads to functional studies of diseases-associated mutations, and the use of genetically manipulated animals in these types of study are providing important insight into molecular mechanismsin vivo.This article reviews some genetically manipulated animal models of cardiovascular diseases,and their relevance to human conditions. Application of these approaches to address physiological question ids also discussed

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Guanylyl Cyclase isoforms can serve as receptor for various molecules including atrial natriuretic peptide,brain natriuretic peptide, C-type natriuretic peptide and nitric oxide. It has been speculated these signaling pathways are important regulators of cardiovascular and renal physiology. Within the past year, gene targeting in particular has strengthened this speculation, suggesting critical roles of guanylyl cyclase receptors in both the chronic and acute regulation of blood pressure

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Even though the pharmacology of the endothelin receptor subtypes ETBand ETBis well characterized, their physiological role in the control of basal vascular tone is poorly uindertood. It has been proposed that a tonic vasoconstriction mediated by endothelin counterbalances a vasodilator tone mediated by nitric oxide, the major endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Recent evidence suggest that the endogenous endothelin-1, released from the endothelial cells, mediates both vasodilation and vasoconstriction and indicates the existence of a negative feedback system involving endothelin-1, the endothelial ETBreceptor and nitric oxide

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Based on studies with a number of endothelin antagonists. endothelin-1 now known to play a key physiological role in the maintenance both of basal systemic vascular resistance and of blood pressure in healthy people. Factors that regulate activity of the vascular endothelin system, and its physiological effects on the heart and kidney,now need to be determined

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The control of the cardiovascular system is now known to involve a diversity of both humoral and neuronal mechanism. With rthe advancement of immunohistochemical,electrophysiological and microscopy technique it has become clear that the nervous control of the cardiovascular system comprises several transmitters other than the classical autonomic neurotransmitters. These nonadrenergic non-cholinergic transmitters include substance P1calcitonin gene-related peptide and nitric oxide. These particular substances play important roles in the control of vascular tone and altered activity of these mediators contribute to several cardiovascular disease states. In the light of this there is considerable interest in exploiting these mediators as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator peptide that exerts major effects on cardiovascular function. Adrenomedullin is biosynthesized in a wide variety of organs and cells, although it was initially isolated from human pheochromocytoma tissue. In addition to adrenomedullin, proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide was found to be processed from adrenomedullin precursor. Both adrenomedullin and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide show hypotensive effects in anesthetized rats, but exhibit different hypotensive mechanisms. Further, adrenomedullin possesses multiple biological effects involved in cardiovascular homeostasis. Plasma adrenomedullin concentration is increased in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, renal failure and septic shock. The present review summarizes the recent advancement of adrenomedullin research and demonstrates that adrenomedullin is one of the important vasoactive peptides involved in the physiology and pathophysiology of circulatory control and control of body fluid

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The vasculature wall is an active, integrated organ composed of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as other cell types depending on the specific vascular segment (e.g. fibroblasts in many vascular regions). The vascular wall is not static; the vascular components (cells and extracellular matrix) dynamically increase, decrease or reorganize, or both, in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. The vascular smooth muscle cells are the final common pathway for many of these dynamic changes in vascular wall structure. In the renal glomerulus, however, the glomerular mesangial cells - a cell phenotypically related to the vascular smooth muscle cells - also participate. Although sometimes beneficial, changes in vascular or glomerular structure often lead to cardiovascular (e.g. atherosclerosis, restenosis, intimal hyperplasia) and renovascular (e.g. glomerulosclerosis) diseases. Consequently, much effort has been expended to elucidate the mechanisms that control growth and extracellular matrix production by vascular smooth muscle cells and glomerular mesangial cells. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent developments. Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We have become accustomed to the idea that the major disorder of adult life, including coronary heart disease,stroke and diabetes, arise through an interaction between influences in our lifestyle and a genetically determined susceptibility.Recent research,however, suggests that growth in utero may also play an important role

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID