ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Chloride channels are present In all cells of the kidney. Physiological studies have revealed a bewildering variety of kidney chloride channels, but only in the past few years has molecular information on some of these channels emerged. This review will focus on cloned chloride channels expressed in renal cells.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Inward rectifier K+channels control resting membrane potential, cell excitability, insulin secretion and renal K+transport. Much progress has been made in the structure and regulation, as well as the molecular identity and physiological role played by the channels. This review discusses recent advances in inward rectifier K+channels with a special emphasis on the renal channels. Curr Opin Nepnrol

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The discovery of a family of molecular water channels, aquaporins, by Agre and co-workers has shed light on the long-standing biophysical question of how water traverses biological membranes, and has provided detailed molecular insight into the fundamental physiology of water balance and the pathophysiology of water balance disorders. In this review, we focus mainly on the vasopressin-regulated water channel, aquaporin 2, and its critical role in acute and chronic regulation of body water balance, as well as in multiple water balance disorders.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review deals with the different transport mechanisms mediating the apical and basolateral transport of organic anions, all of which are restricted to the proximal tubule. Several transport mechanisms, such as the para-aminohippurate basolateral transporter and the apical proton coupled di- and tripeptide transporter have been cloned, and their role in renal transport has been well characterized. Other transport proteins have been cloned from the kidney, liver, or intestine, but their role in the renal transport of organic anions needs to be elucidated. This is the with Mdr2, oatpl and OAT-K1, which were identified in the apical membrane of the proximal tubule, and with MDR1, the precise localization of which is still uncertain. Other apical transport mechanisms, sodium coupled transports and anion exchangers are involved in organic anion reabsorption.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Tubuloinferstitial fibrosis is a final common pathway for progressive renal injury in most 'inflammatory' and 'non-inflammatory' glomerulopathies. Indeed, the level of tubulointerstitial fibrosis correlates closely with the degree of chronic renal dysfunction in these settings. An emerging body of evidence suggests that tubule epithelial cells are dynamic players in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Here we briefly review the potential mechanisms of tubule cell activation in patients with glomerular disease. These mechanisms include: (a) direct involvement of glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments by the primary disease; (b) secondary activation of tubule epithelial cells by glomerulus-derived cytokines; (c) perturbation of tubule epithelial cell function by plasma proteins and associated moieties filtered in excess through injured glomeruli; (d) tubulointerstitial ischaemia downstream to glomerular injury; and (e) hyperfunction of remnant tubules. Activated tubule epithelial cells are, in turn, a rich source of cytokines, chemokines and other mediators that promote leukocyte recruitment, cytotoxicity and fibrogenesis, thereby establishing a Vicious cycle' of tubulointerstitial injury. The further delineation of the role played by the tubule epithelial cell in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis may suggest novel approaches for the treatment of progressive renal diseases.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Increasing evidence implicates reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of hypertension and its cardiovascular complications. By altering the balance in the endothelium between vasoconstrictors such as thromboxane and isoprostanes and vasodilators such as nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species contribute to endothelium-dependent contractions and increased vascular resistance. Antioxidants can restore endothelial function and decrease blood pressure in several models of hypertension and in some, but not all, studies of humans with essential hypertension. The potential of antioxidant therapy for hypertension is considerable.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

At the end of an era of almost exclusive use of cyclosporin A, there have been significant advances in the understanding of its immunosuppressive effects, whereas there is still uncertainty about the mechanisms underlying its nephrotoxicity. The recently introduced FK-506, in spite of its undeniable clinical advantages, has subsequently been proved to have rather similar nephrotoxicity. This paper reviews recent data on cyclosporin A and FK-506 nephrotoxicity, with emphasis on: first, the haemodynamic, functional and structural features; second, the potential mediators; and third, the relationship with some immunosuppressive mechanisms involved to give insights into the pathophysiology.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The L-argininenitric oxide pathway appears to play an important role in systemic hypertension, progressive renal disease, nephrotoxicity (lead poisoning), inflammation and atherosclerosis. Interactions of nitric oxide with other systems (renin-angiotensin, endothelins, eicosanoids, cytokines and other regulators of inflammation) have been described. These interactions may be important in disease states.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID