ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The class of antihypertensive agents that act by blocking angiotensin II has been shown in several experimental models to have the interesting ability to protect the kidney. In patients with nondiabetic renal disease, a number of controlled clinical trials have shown angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors to achieve a better control of blood pressure and significantly reduce the rate of progression of renal failure in comparison with conventional agents. In addition, treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors has helped to achieve new information on the optimal blood pressure target to be reached in order to protect the residual renal function maximally.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the year there has been a profusion of reports identifying a possible association between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme and renal diseases. Rather than clarifying the situation, it has become more difficult to interpret its significance owing to small sample sizes and concerns over methodology; hence, studies are frequently contradictory. Despite these concerns there is evidence for a role of this polymorphism in progressive renal disease. This review summarizes the major studies in this field and suggests future strategies that might be employed to identify useful genetic markers in nephrology, for which the angiotensin converting enzyme polymorphism has acted as an important paradigm.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cyclosporine has improved patient and graft survival rates in solid organ transplantation, and has been increasingly applied with considerable clinical benefit in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, the therapeutic benefits of immunosuppressive therapy for transplant and autoimmune indications have frequently been limited by the occurrence of chronic nephrotoxicity, Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity therefore remains an important clinical challenge. The clinical aspects and pathophysiology of chronic Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, which is characterized by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, afferent arteriolopathy, and striped tubulointerstitial fibrosis, are reviewed. Insights gained from experimental models of chronic nephrotoxicity associated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis are presented to elucidate the pathophysiology.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

High plasma concentrations of homocysteine, lipoprotein(a) and fibrinogen are accompanied by an increased risk for cardiovascular complications in the general population. All three parameters are markedly elevated in patients with renal disease, a group with a high prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular complications. This review discusses these parameters in such patients in relation to the occurrence of atherosclerotic complications.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Chemokines are an expanding family of chemoattractant polypeptides involved in the extravasation of leukocytes during the inflammatory process. This review highlights recent advances in the field, including the discovery of a new class of chemokines, and several novel receptors. In addition, the expanding role of chemokines in pathologic processes other than extravasation and their potential as therapeutic targets are discussed.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Acute ischemic or toxic injury to the kidney induces alterations in the expression of many genes. Some of these molecular responses have been termed 'maladaptive' because they exacerbate the tubular damage induced by the initiating insult. Some maladaptive responses include alterations in the activity of nitric oxide synthases and expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules that mediate an inflammatory response. This review focuses on the role of nitric oxide and inflammation in influencing the course of acute renal failure due to ischemic and toxic tubular injury.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent progress in experimental models and human genetic linkage studies have provided new insight into the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Both antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific signals are crucial in the development of autoimmune disease. Interestingly, several of the single gene loci that have been identified as potential causes of autoimmune disease encode molecules that regulate antigen-nonspecific modulation of immunity. The focus of this review is the role of the opposing signals transduced by the CD28 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 receptors that bind the B7 costimulatory ligands. Recent studies suggest that CD28 signals activate T cells, whereas cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 signals deactivate T cells. Importantly, both signals contribute to the induction of autoimmunity and offer novel targets for future therapeutic strategies to treat autoimmune disease.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID