ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common genetic disorder encountered by nephrologists. Clinically relevant areas of which the physician must be knowledgeable are reviewed, emphasizing recent genetic advances with clinical implications for patients and their families. Recent information on hypertension, infection, pain and discomfort, hepatic cysts, and intracranial aneurysms is summarized.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Physiologic and biochemical studies have suggested that the inherited disorders cystinuria, Liddle's syndrome, and perhaps Bartter syndrome all result from defects in renal tubular transport processes. With the recent isolation of several candidate transporter genes, these clinically based hypotheses have begun to be confirmed at a molecular level. In addition, the cloning of the water-channel family of proteins has facilitated the characterization of a second gene defect in congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. This review integrates the pathophysiology of these inherited renal tubular disorders with recent molecular genetic discoveries, and provides a starting point for unraveling their pathogenesis at the molecular level.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The study of monoclonal immunoglobulin-associated nephropathies is useful for analyzing the physicochemical properties of immunoglobulin components responsible for their deposition in the kidney. Notable advances include the first description of truncated heavy-chain deposition disease, characterization of protease resistance and binding properties of immunoglobulin light chains involved in myeloma-associated Fanconi's syndrome and cast nephropathy, and identification of hepatitis C virus as a plausible causative agent of the so-called essential mixed cryoglobulinemias.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In North America and Western Europe, diabetic nephropathy is the commonest cause of renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy. Glomerular filtration rate normally declines with increasing age. The decline in glomerular filtration rate observed in hypertensive patients with diabetic nephropathy can be limited by adequate control of blood pressure with conventional therapy. In hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy or microalbuminuria, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have specific renoprotective effects in addition to their hypotensive activity. Normotensive patients with microalbuminuria also benefit from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, probably because this group of patients are relatively hypertensive when measured using 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Good glycaemic control will reduce the incidence of microalbuminuria, but its role in progression of microalbuminuria to overt nephropathy is controversial. These issues are discussed in the context of optimal care for patients with diabetic renal disease.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Almost all forms of glomerulonephritis affecting the native kidney may recur in the transplanted kidney. However, in a large majority of patients, recurrent glomerulonephritis has only a minimal impact on graft function and survival; less than 5% of all graft losses are the result of recurrence. Kidney transplantations provide an attractive experimental model for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms in diseases, such as diabetes, in which the recurrence of glomerulonephritis is frequent, and segmental glomerular sclerosis in which glomerulonephritis is severe.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recombinant human erythropoietin is increasingly used to treat anemia in predialysis patients. Approximately 33-40% of patients ultimately receiving dialysis or a transplant may be eligible for treatment, thus increasing the costs. Clinical trials demonstrate no significant alteration in the progression of renal disease, secondary to changes in systemic hemodynamics or blood volume, provided that blood pressure is controlled. Hypertension results from changes In viscosity and erythrocyte fluidity, loss of hypoxic vasodilatation, and changes In blood volume. The predialysis patient treated with recombinant human erythropoietin Is likely to need aggressive antihypertensive therapy and vigorous diuresis, Cardiac output remains unchanged In the absence of blood volume expansion. The effects on left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular volume, or exercise-Induced Ischemic electrocardiographic changes in predialysis have not been studied systematically. Doses of recombinant human erythropoietin In predialysis patients tend to be lower when administered subcutaneously rather than Intravenously, but the comparative cost-effectiveness of different dosing strategies Is currently unknown, The dosing frequency can vary from three times a week to twice a month, The effect of anemia correction on the ‘rehabilitation’ of predialysis patients remains to be addressed.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID