ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Proton-coupled peptide transporters found in animal cells are unique because of their energetics and their ability to accept a broad spectrum of chemically diverse peptides as substrates. The abundant expression of these transporters in the small intestine and the kidney indicates their importance in the maintenance of protein nutrition. There is also evidence for additional functions of the peptide transporters which are of physiological, pharmacological and clinical relevance.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Urea transporters are membrane proteins that mediate rapid, passive movement of urea across cell membranes. Physiological studies have revealed their significant roles in urea accumulation in the kidney inner medulla, and consequently in the urinary concentrating mechanism. Three mammalian urea transporters have been identified and their expression in the kidney was found to occur in a tissue-specific manner. This review discusses our current knowledge with emphasis on the localization and regulation of expression of urea transporters in different physiological conditions.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Chloride channels are found throughout the nephron. Many chloride channels expressed in the kidney have now been cloned. The CIC family of voltage-dependent chloride channels accounts for most of the known renal chloride channels. Unfortunately, relatively little is known concerning their functional properties. The role that chloride channels may play in renal disease has only recently been addressed.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

At least four unique H,K-ATPases have been cloned and are expressed in several tissues. Recent findings have enhanced our appreciation of the roles of H,K-ATPases in the kidney with respect to their molecular identities, functional properties, segmental and intrarenal distribution, and regulatory features. The major role of the H,K-ATPases expressed in mammalian kidney, the gastric and colonic H,K-ATPases, is to regulate potassium and bicarbonate absorption in collecting duct segments.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Volume regulatory mechanisms are reviewed for both short- and long-term adaptation of renal cells to anisotonic media. Within minutes after exposure to hypotonic solutions a common feature of many renal cells is the increase in plasma membrane potassium and chloride conductances. Although extrusion of intracellular potassium certainly contributes to a regulatory volume decrease, the role of chloride efflux itself is probably modest, given the relatively low intracellular chloride concentration. Indeed, other intracellular osmolytes such as taurine and other amino acids are transported out of the cell to achieve a regulatory volume decrease. On a longer-term basis cells from the renal medulla have to adapt to an extracellular milieu which can become extremely hypertonic under certain conditions. In tissue culture models, cells exposed to hypertonic media react by actively taking up small molecules, such as betaine, taurine and myo-inositol, and by synthesizing more sorbitol and glycerophosphocholine. For each of these osmolytes hypertonicity was shown to activate the transcription of a specific enzyme or transporter gene, the expression of which reaches a peak within 18 h of hypertonicity.

ISSN:1062-4821    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID