摘要:

Most of us would agree that a vaccination to prevent illness is well worth the time, expense, and inconvenience. Similarly, many communities are using source water protection methods to prevent drinking water supply contamination. Many communities, counties, and locally financed water districts have found that the less polluted water is before it reaches the treatment plant, the less extensive–and expensive–the efforts needed to safeguard the public's health.

ISSN:0149-8029    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8701.1996.tb00542.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1979, the City of Washington, Iowa, was notified by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources that it was in violation of the radium standard for drinking water. Radium, a naturally occurring constituent in deep‐well water, is a suspected carcinogen. The city authorized an engineering study to determine the most cost‐effective and practical way to remove radium and, at the same time, improve overall water quality. Several possible treatment alternatives were evaluated. It was finally decided to use electrodialysis reversal (EDR). EDR is a high‐tech process in which minerals and other constituents in water are separated by an electrical charge. The resulting ions are transferred through membranes from a less concentrated to a more concentrated solution. By varying the amount of the electrical charge input to the system, it is possible to remove the dissolved solids in water to the extent desired. EDR is a process that can also be used in desalinating seawater. The dissolved solids removed are concentrated in a brine or salt solution. Approximately 11 to 12 percent of water pumped from wells ends up as brine waste. Design of the new water treatment plant began in September 1991. The plant began treating water in January 1993, and final construction was completed in April 1993.

ISSN:0149-8029    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8701.1996.tb00543.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Handling chlorine gas, the most widely used disinfectant in water treatment, in a safe manner is a top priority for plant operators and maintenance personnel. Chlorine gas is highly toxic, so its proper use and leak containment require major emphasis in safety training programs. In the past, the public utilities department in Chesapeake, Virginia, used its chlorine supplier to provide chlorine safety training. Besides the normal lectures, videos, and exams, the supplier would sometimes bring in a test cylinder to simulate leaks from a chlorine container. Following a recent safety program, a treatment plant employee suggested that we could build a test cylinder that would be available year‐round for various types of training. The idea was to make the equipment simulate a true gas leak situation.

ISSN:0149-8029    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8701.1996.tb00544.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA) defines a confined space as: being large enough for a person to enter; having restricted means of entry or exit; and not designed for continuous occupancy. The author discusses the answers to the following questions: What is the difference between permitted and non‐permitted confined space? What are some examples of confined spaces in the water utility industry? What types of hazards does a confined space present? How can I ensure that my co‐workers are safe while working in confined spaces? What is the role of the confined space attendant? and What rescue and emergency procedures should the attendant follow?

ISSN:0149-8029    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8701.1996.tb00545.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY