ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100202

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100203

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe American Institute for Chemical Engineers formed the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) in March, 1985, shortly after the Bhopal tragedy. CCPS has published several technical guidelines and has sponsored needed research projects to fill gaps in technology. In addition, CCPS has sponsored several international symposia in the interest of providing forums for the interchange of the latest technology in the prevention of catastrophic events.

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100204

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious authors have documented reviews for design projects prior to construction [1,2]. Very little has been written about research reviews and systems to adequately review new projects. Within the Dow Chemical U.S.A. Research community, a different set of procedures have been developed at each site. The process discussed in this report is the most documented review system of any site within Dow Chemcial U.S.A. Research.

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100205

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInstead of adding on protective equipment to control hazards, in an inherently safer plant we avoid them by using less of the hazardous material. Another option is to implement safer alternatives. Though the chemical industry has been slow to adopt such designs there has been some progress.

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100206

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe certification test standards that presently exist for flame arresters are highly inadequate for inline applications. A proper flame arrester test method should ensure that a unit will work with any flame front conditions that it could be exposed to in actual use. When evaluating flame arrester performance, it is just as dangerous to neglect deflagration testing as detonation testing. The comprehensive inline flame arrester test method outlined here involves exposing a unit to the entire flame propagation pressure spectrum. This includes low, medium and high pressure deflagrations as well as overdriven and stable detonations. The test method also takes into account the following factors: flow restriction on the protected side of the flame arrester, flame propagation through a flowing gas, initial system pressure and temperature, and specified gas mixture. Flow restriction on the protected side of the flame arrester has a very significant effect on performance and has not previously been given consideration in flame arrester testing. Besides moving flame front test, endurance burn testing and hydrostatic pressure testing are also discussed here. Major regulatory organizations have recently adopted these findings as the basis for new standards proposed to cover an inline flame arrester test method.

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100207

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperience has shown that a Distributed Control System (DCS) can provide enhanced process monitoring and control capabilities, as well as system self‐diagnostics, that permit increased safety of process operations. However, this enhanced safety does not come about automatically with the installation of a DCS. The complexity and versatility of the DCS can introduce new failure scenarios leading to process upset and potential relization of process hazards. This paper reviews some novel considerations that should be taken into account when conducting process hazards reviews on facilities controlled by a DC

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100208

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo low‐level dust fires and explosions occurred in rotary dryers in one of our east Texas plants. Although there was no significant damage, the potential for safety or loss incidents initiated a concerted effort to determine the cause. The analytical and explosive hazards efforts showed an iron‐adipic compound most probably autooxidized and caused the prob

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100209

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe current regulations and accepted recommended practices relating to the use of mechanical flame arresting devices on low pressure, flammable liquid storage tanks will be reviewed. The applicability of these recommendations to typical manifolded tank and closed piping vapor recovery systems, as opposed to the more common “stand alone”, venting to atmosphere storage tanks, will be examined with particular emphasis on the widely varying service conditions that mechanical flame arresting devices may encounter. The limitations placed on the use of commercially available Factory Mutual Approved and Underwriters Laboratories Listed flame arresters will be explai

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100210

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNine depressurization experiments for vessels containing water, freon‐114 and high viscosity fluids have been analyzed. These experiments were carried out at different plants and provide information about the dependence of the depressurization process on the size of the vessel, the type of vent installed, and the initial conditions. The differences of venting into the atmosphere or venting into a catch tank have been also examined. The accuracy of the two‐phase flow model used for the analysis of these experiments has been demonstrated by comparisons with steady state data referring to co‐current liquid/vapor flow as well as to batch type of flows, where the liquid phase is sta

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100211

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY