ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100302

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100303

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMost accidental releases are the result of either mechanical failures or measures taken to prevent such failures, such as, venting through emergency vents, relief valves, or rupture discs. Where the mechanical failure is the result of defective materials, inadequate design, or external factors, little can be done by means of instrumentation to prevent the release. It may be possible, however, to reduce the flow. Many failures are due to process upsets such as overpressure, internal explosions, and runaway reactions. The probability of these failures occurring can be substantially reduced by proper instrumentation.

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100304

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGiven the often dangerous nature of large‐scale chemical and petroleum‐based processes, corporations which operate plants in the hydrocarbon industry must make safety their first prior

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100305

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCurrent methods to determine the thermodynamic energy of explosion are based on the Helmholtz free energy. The Helmholtz free energy represents the maximum work available from a system during a constant temperature process. For many real explosions, the material is initially at a temperature or pressure higher than the ambient environment. Thus, the Helmholtz free energy does not account for all of the energy sources.The thermodynamic availability provides a general approach to determine the maximum work available from any process. Furthermore, the availability provides a much more formal and structured method for performing the calculations.This paper provides the formal basis, demonstrates the application of availabilty using a number of examples, and provides a table of availability data.

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100306

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDicyclopentadiene (DCPD), which is usually considered inert, undergoes exothermic reactions at high temperatures. These reactions initially lower the pressure but ultimately can generate very high pressures. Adiabatic and nonadiabatic laboratory data are presented and characterized into a kinetic model. Strategies are described for safeguarding against potentially high temperatures in DCPD containing vessels and for relieving overpressures should runaway reactions occur.

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100307

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe recently enacted Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 [1] and the proposed OSHA Process Safety Management Standard [2]both require that hazard evaluations be completed on all facilities that handle hazardous chemicals. Reports of the hazard evaluations must be kept on file and will be subject to inspection during an OSHA compliance audit. This paper outlines those concepts that are important in the preparation of the documentation of a Hazards and Operability (HAZOP) study.

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100308

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA description of the experiments conducted, the results from the experiments and conclusions reached on the basis thereof.

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100309

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of hydrogen peroxide in the chemical processing industry is increasing rapidly, both in volume and types of application. The properties of hydrogen peroxide, which make it such a useful material, can also give rise to serious hazards. This paper reviews some of the ways in which hazards may arise in organic processes using hydrogen peroxide. Some incidents are also described.

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100310

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of oxygen concentration on the stability of methacrylic acid (MAA) have been examined using HQ, MeHQ and PTZ as inhibitors. The O2has been found to have a dual effect so that an optimum concentration confers very high stability but increased [O2]s give significantly reduced induction periods, especially at higher temperatures. This behavior has been explained in terms of radical scavanging competing with peroxide formation and cleavage. The main parameters controlling the system have been examined. The rate of stabilizer consumption was found to be controlled mainly by temperature and [O2]. The rate of energy release on polymerization is dependent on temperature, [stabilizer]and O2supply to the system and is rapid (violent in extreme cases) only when all three factors are favorable for efficient peroxide formation and cleavage. Preliminary experiments with n‐butyl methacrylate indicate that the same principles and mechanism operate for the simple methacrylate ester

ISSN:0278-4513    

DOI:10.1002/prsb.720100311

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY