摘要:

The clinical role of amniocentesis in the management of pregnancies that are complicated by preterm premature rupture of the membranes remains unclear. The indiscriminant use of expectant management, corticosteroids, and empiric antibiotic therapy without knowledge of the presence or absence of intra-amniotic infection poses underappreciated risks to the fetus. This clinical opinion presents the argument that amniocentesis should be an integral part of the management of patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes. The technical aspects of amniocentesis, the associations between subclinical infection and neonatal morbidity, and the limitations of current interventions are reviewed, and suggestions for future studies that are sorely needed are offered.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review explores some of the implications for a balanced approach to the ethics of maternal participation in clinical research, from the perspective of the fetus as a patient, which is a central concept in obstetric ethics. The review therefore begins with an account of this topic, followed by an examination of some of its ethical implications for a balanced approach to the ethics of clinical research that involves pregnant women.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several environmental factors affect the fetus and thereby the outcome of pregnancy. Recent studies have confirmed a relation between stress and pregnancy outcome; furthermore they have indicated that biological measures of stress may predict risk of complications. Altered sex ratio may be an interesting way of measuring the effect of stress during pregnancy. Stress and work load during pregnancy seem to be related to time until conception and to becoming pregnant through assisted reproduction. Drinking large amounts of alcohol is hazardous, but drinking one drink per day appears to be safe. The effect of passive smoking continues to be a matter of debate.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Obstetricians will need to update themselves on the recent changes in terminology and in diagnostic criteria for Type 1 diabetes mellitus. This still remains a high-risk obstetric situation, in spite of optimistic reports from centres of excellence. Pregnancy-associated hypertension may be closely related to insulin resistance. A number of concepts and hypotheses are based on the central role of insulin in fetal development.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The debate over the application of nuchal translucency measurement in Down's syndrome screening is still unresolved in some clinicians' minds. Although different authors report a range of sensitivities for Down's syndrome, none question the validity of the association between increased nuchal translucency and fetal aneuploidy. The published literature reveals a lack of congruence over a standard, reproducible method for measuring nuchal translucency. Only with the adoption of uniform methodology, and the establishment of international standards for nuchal translucency measurement, is the true potential of this test likely to be realized. The increasing use of first trimester ultrasound has focused attention on the value of this investigation in confirming fetal viability, estimation of gestational age, and screening for congenital abnormality. This review summarizes the role of ultrasound and maternal serum biochemistry in first trimester screening.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hypoxic injury accounts for approximately 20 to 40% of stillbirths in published autopsy series. Antepartum fetal testing modalities can discriminate between the fetus at risk for hypoxic injury and the normally oxygenated fetus. These modalities have resulted in a significant reduction in this category of stillbirths. The physiologic underpinning for the antepartum testing is reviewed with a brief discussion of the two major approaches to testing.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID