ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pelvic floor dysfunction, specifically urinary and fecal incontinence, is thought to be widespread. Prevalence figures for these disorders vary greatly. This review highlights the accepted prevalence and incidence figures for pelvic floor dysfunction and their relative age distribution in women. Remission and natural history is examined with an emphasis on gaps in our knowledge. The limited data on racial differences in the epidemiology of this disorder are also reviewed.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The pelvic organs are suspended by the pelvic ligaments and supported by the levator ani muscles. Breaks in the connective tissue, and neuromuscular damage affecting the pelvic floor muscles cause pelvic organ prolapse. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound have begun to define the dynamics of the pelvic floor and document the specific tissue lesions involved in this process.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper covers the role and anatomy of connective tissue and muscle in the normal pelvic floor of women. Current understanding of the changes in these components of pelvic floor dysfunction is discussed. Areas of ignorance in need of further research are highlighted.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The neurogenic theory of female pelvic floor dysfunction suggests a common thread for malfunction of pelvic visceral and support activities. Support for the neurogenic hypothesis has been promoted by recent literature showing that more central neuropathic processes, such as in the cauda equina or pelvic plexus, can be associated with the previously described peripheral neuropathies and are linked to pelvic floor disorders. Damage by vaginal dissection has been suggested as another etiologic factor. This concept has further been supported by studying the effects of pudendal nerve blockade. Methods for investigating pelvic floor neurophysiology are becoming more refined and widespread, and therapeutic horizons are described including nerve stimulation and surgical therapy of nerve compression.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The assessment of motor conduction along the pudendal nerve is an accurate objective measure of pudendal nerve function. Measurement of its latency (that is the time interval between electrical stimulation of the nerve and induced contraction of the external anal sphincter) has been demonstrated to be abnormally long following vaginal delivery, particularly if the delivery was associated with a heavy fetus or a prolonged second stage of labor. The significance of pudendal neuropathy and its relationship to abnormal degrees of descent of the pelvic floor have also been examined in this review.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Our knowledge of the immediate effects of parturition on pelvic floor anatomy and physiology has been sparse. However, with the introduction of computed tomography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging, new tools have become available for visualizing dynamic antenatal and postpartum changes in the pelvic musculature. Although few studies have been performed, there is evidence of a pregnancy-related increase in the frequency of urinary stress incontinence, and of an increased frequency of persistent anal incontinence in cases of sphincter tears.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Non-surgical, non-pharmacological treatment for female pelvic floor dysfunction is represented by rehabilitation in urogynecology. Since Kegel, in 1948, who proposed the concept of functional restoration of the perineal muscles, no specific term has actually been established. Owing to the number of specialists involved in the management of female pelvic floor disorders (such as gynecologists, urologists, coloproctologists, and neurologists) and the different types of health care providers concerned (such as physicians, physical therapists, nurses, and midwives), it is difficult to make the proper choice between 'physical therapy for pelvic floor', 'pelvic floor rehabilitation', 'pelvic muscle re-education', and 'pelvic floor training'. Because muscle re-education is under the control of physical therapists, we have chosen the term of physical therapy for female pelvic floor disorders. Muscle re-education has an important role in the primary treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. A multidisciplinary collaboration may be of particular interest, and a thorough evaluation is useful for a proper selection of patients.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Urinary incontinence is cited as a distressing, depressing, and disabling condition. Recent research suggests that the impact of incontinence on psychological well-being may be less than previously assumed. However, personal reactions to incontinence are highly variable and need to be considered in the evaluation and management of incontinent women.

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID