ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSThis paper is a statistical and geological study of the results of analysis of flint from British and West European flint mines, carried out by emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Groups of flint specimens were studied from each geographically separate flint mining area. Flints were analysed for a group of easily measured trace elements shown by previous work to be generally present. The ratios between the trace elements form a consistent pattern for each flint mine and statistically valid differences of pattern can be recognized between different flint mines. A geological investigation shows that the measured trace elements may be derived from clay minerals and explains geographical and statistical variation in the composition of flint in terms of its mode of origin in the chalk. An advanced statistical technique allows individual flint specimens of unknown origin to be attributed by their composition to one or other of the identified flint sources. The archaeological implications of this study are discussed.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSIn a pilot‐programme to increase evidence for the history of copper‐alloying in ancient Iraq, Syria and Palestine 128 objects in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, were tested with a point‐source linear X‐ray spectrometer for tin, arsenic and antimony. These analyses showed the gradual introduction of tin‐copper alloys into Iraq afterca. 2750b.c.(Early Dynastic IIIA), into Syria a little later and into Palestine by the end of the third millenniumb.c., though numerous artefacts continue to be of copper or arsenical‐copper until well into the second millenniumb.c.at least. With the appearance of tin‐copper alloys the percentage of arsenic in the copper objects noticeably declines indicating that the earlier arsenical‐coppers were deliberately produced under contro

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSNondestructive neutron activation analysis is by now a well‐established technique for the analysis of ancient silver coins. The high activation cross‐section of silver for thermal neutrons makes it possible to also use this method with the low neutron fluxes available from an isotopic neutron source. In this case due consideration must be given to minimize the self‐shielding effect which is encountered with coins above a few tenths of a millimetre thickness. A simple method for the determination of the silver, copper and gold content in silver coins based on the self‐shielding properties of silver alloys of different fineness is described. The method has been found to be useful for the quick routine assay of silver coins for the purpose of their classification. Seventeen ancient Burmese silver coins from three different cultural periods of Burma, and two British coins for comparison have been analyzed by this

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSFrequency distributions of the lengths of the bone fragments are plotted for a number of archaeological sites. Down to a certain critical length, the distributions prove to be very similar for all the sites. Below this length, failure to recover fragments during excavation becomes the predominant factor and the frequencies decline. Distributions of diagnostic bones of sheep/goat, pig and cattle are plotted separately and the preferential recovery of the bones of larger animals is demonstrated. A method is suggested for using data from water‐sieved sites to estimate and correct the effect of this preferential recovery on the figures for the relative proportions of different species at unsieved site

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSA heating mechanism for the enhancement of the magnetic susceptibility of soils on archaeological sites is assumed. Data for the iron oxide concentration which is available for conversion to the strongly ferrimagnetic form is presented for soils derived from a wide range of geological strata. These data are then used, in conjunction with the concept of the fractional conversion of the iron oxide that has occurred as a result of fires associated with human habitation, to explain the wide range of soil susceptibilities observed on archaeological sites. The feasibility of employing magnetic surveying techniques for the location of buried features on archaeological sites, situated on the different geological strata, is then discussed.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSFor some 15 years the authenticity of a group of small pottery pieces, claimed to have originated in the Hui Hsien area of China, has been the subject of academic discussion and some dissension. The thermolumines‐cent dating of 22 such pieces from 4 independent collections is reported following a review of archaeological evidence for the origin of the material and of scientific investigations that have previously been made in investigation of its authenticity. It is concluded that all the pieces are of modern origin and not some 2300 years old as their stylistic forms might sugges

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSThis article outlines the thermoluminescent dating technique employed at Risö. The intensity of beta and gamma radiation is determined by means of the TL phosphors CaSO4:Mn and CaSO4:Dy, and the determination of accumulated exposure is based on quartz and feldspar inclusions with a size of 0.3–0.5 mm. Results are presented of a dating programme comprising sherds, bricks, burned stones and burned clay (from kilns) from seventeen excavation sites. The age of the sites ranged froma.d.1600 to 4000b

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSThis paper discusses known sources of error, both random and systematic; suggests quantitative limits; and proposes a consistent method for compounding them to yield an overall error in age, both for individual sherds and for the weighted average of a number of sherds from the same context. It is proposed that two error limits should be quoted for the date of a context: first, the standard error of the mean value as calculated from the experimentally observed root‐mean‐square deviation of the individual samples, and secondly, the expected overall error from the sources discussed in the paper. The former can be considered as a lower limit and relevant when comparing contexts on the same or similar sites whereas the latter is more realistic when comparing TL dates with radiocarbon or archaeologic chronol

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSSeven sites in Mississippi, Louisiana and Arkansas have been dated. For six sites (Terral Lewis, Poverty Point, Jaketown, Teoc Creek, Shoe Bayou, and Claiborne) the results are not inconsistent with contemporaneity; excluding Claiborne the average date is 1000b.c., with an error limit in absolute terms of ± 200 years. The seventh site (Loggy Bayou), in which sherds and balls were found in association, gave a date some fifteen hundred years more recent

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY