ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1974.tb00099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSIt has been suggested that utilization of the bristlecone pine calibration for14C age correction can result in dates which are up to several hundred years too early in comparison with archaeological evidence. Among other possible causesin situproduction of14C due to the high altitude growth region of the bristlecone pine has been proposed to explain this effect. Although theoretical evaluation indicates that a significant amount of14C could be produced by this mechanism, irradiation of bristlecone pine wood with a neutron dose equivalent to the calculated cosmic ray maximum received by a 6000‐year‐old tree did not produce any detectable effect.Other geochemical considerations related to the growth environment of these trees may offer a possible explanation for enhanced14C levels. These inherent uncertainties in the14C record of the bristlecone pine emphasize the need for an alternative source of tree‐rings for comparative correlation with the14C time

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1974.tb00100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSOf twelve elements analyzed in a series of bovid teeth from the Olduvai Gorge, uranium is the only element which varies appreciably with the ages of the samples. Uranium concentrations increase at first, then decrease with increasing age, and therefore cannot be used by themselves to obtain absolute or even relative ages of the samples. A model accounting for the behaviour of uranium is proposed in which uranium is absorbed in the samples during the decay of organic material and is lost after this decay ceases. If one accounts for uranium losses, the concentrations of uranium and its decay products may be used to accurately date skeletal material from the Olduvai gorge.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1974.tb00101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSThe chemical states of iron in a few selected clays and ceramics have been ascertained employing the technique of Mössbauer absorption. The effects upon the iron in firing the clays under different conditions have also been measured. Colour changes are correlated with the various chemical states of iron before and aftefiring

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1974.tb00102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSThe original intention of the project, conceived in the context of the British School at Rome's excavation and survey programme in the Bradano basin (based on Gravina) was to establish the composition patterns of Hellenistic glazed wares from sites in southern Apulia, and then to use these to trace the trading patterns of the area, against a control group of sherds from the Athenian Agora. It proved possible to distinguish Attic from Apulian sherds by their nickel and chromium content, and average‐link‐cluster‐analysis by computer showed that Gnathian ware from Taranto could be distinguished from seven other south Italian groups, suggesting that speciality wares were made of clays from special beds. Because of the geological homogeneity of the area no further distinctions could be made, but some sherds were also analysed petrologically and by heavy mineral analysis, for a methodological comparison. The very homogeneous geology, coupled with the fineness of the wares showed these methods to be at the limits of their usefulness. Only very generalized conclusions could be drawn concerning the origin of the pottery from the petrological evidence; the micro‐mineralogical data showed that interesting differences existed between pottery from the main Apulian sites, but these could equally have reflected natural variations occurring within fairly homogeneous clay d

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1974.tb00103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSThe silver content within the body and at the surface of 22 Roman ‘bronze’coins dating toa.d.274–305 was determined by X‐ray fluorescence to discover whether these coins were silver dipped and/or issued with a deliberately added amount of silver in their alloy.Results of this analysis indicate that antoniniani and fractional coins of the period 274–294 were probably both silver dipped and minted in an argentiferous alloy. Radiate and laureate fractions issued after 295 do not seem to have had an argentiferous alloy, nor does this analysis provide any evidence that they were sil

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1974.tb00104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSX‐ray fluorescence analyses of ten Septimius Severus denarii, all having the catalog number Cohen 777, and all minted ina.d.196, show the following: (1) copper and silver concentrations in the ten coins cover a rather broad range, (2) lead and gold concentrations correlate with the silver concentrations, (3) no elements, except silver, correlate directly with the copper contents, (4) two coins have very nearly the same compositions, but this could actually be explained by chance, given the precision of the analyses and the range of compositions found for all ten denarii, (5) weights, thicknesses, and diameters of the coins varied over a relatively wide range, but densities varied only slightly. Assuming reasonably homogeneous melts of coinage alloy, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses of many more Severus denarii ofa.d.196 should enable one to deduce several details of the mint operation such as (1) the number of dies in use of C. 777 coins at one time, (2) the overall batch size of coins, and (3) the number of different Severus denarii minted from the same batch of alloy. With improved precision of XRF analyses now possible, it only remains for a source of Severus denarii to be found to enable testing of this hypothe

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1974.tb00105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSAn unusual occurrence of huntite CaMg3(CO3)4, found in a wooden box pertaining to the cargo of a sunken Roman ship of imperial age in the Golfo di Procchio on the north coast of Elba is described. The huntite has been identified on the basis of chemical analysis, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, X‐ray diffraction and electron microscope images. Having ruled out its origin by the reaction of sea water on some pre‐existing material it is concluded that the huntite represented the original content of the box. The origin and the provenance of huntite and its possible use are disc

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1974.tb00106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSEmploying cluster analysis, patterns and relationships have been looked for within the trace and alloying elements of about eighty bronze daggers of the Wessex and contemporary cultures in Brittany. The results showed that only one of the four types of daggers could be linked with a particular metal cluster, that various types of daggers were used parallel to one another over considerable periods and that the more advanced metal clusters have an almost entirely British distribution.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1974.tb00107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSThe remanent magnetization of samples spanning Zones I to III of the Hoxnian Interglacial at Hoxne has declination values that lie within 30° of the present‐day declination, and inclination values that are not more than 10° steeper or 20° shallower than the present‐day incli

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1974.tb00108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY