摘要:

Obsidian provenancing studies comprise one of the most productive and successful research programmes of archaeological science. Obsidian characterization has been successful because workable obsidian is homogeneous on a small scale, analysable by a large number of methods, and is restricted to a small number of mainly readily distinguishable geological sources. Analytical, dating, source, and trade studies within the western Mediterranean, central and eastern Europe, the Aegean, and Anatolia and the Near East during the last 30 years or so are reviewed. Research has shown that distributions are mainly separate in the four regions examined, and that obsidian was traded up to 900km in the prehistoric period. Publications on obsidian in the areas under review reached a peak of frequency in the later 1970s and 1980s, but have now decreased in number. This may reflect changing fashions in archaeometric studies, and a current lack of routine application of the provenancing methods developed.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1995.tb00740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The nature of the large red stains exhibited on the Carrara marble elements of the Certosa of Pavia façade was investigated by means of spectroscopic techniques and scanning electron microscopy. Although previous microbiological analysis has demonstrated the presence on the stone of a bacterial strain identified asMicrococcus roseus,that is capable of carotenoid production, it has been ascertained in the present study that an inorganic pigment, namely Pb3O4, is responsible for the observed coloration. On small green spots, the presence of photosynthetic micro‐organisms has been demonstrated by microbiological analysis and confirmed by resonance Raman spectrosco

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1995.tb00741.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several samples of geological stones from statuary pedestals found in various archaeological sites in Cyprus have been characterized using non‐contact laser infrared photothermal radiometry. Thermal diffusivities and effective optical absorption coefficients were calculated using a one‐dimensional thermal‐wave model. The mean values and standard deviations were tabulated and comparisons were made with lithographic and petrographic studies of the samples. Good correlations were found, thus demonstrating that laser photothermal archaeometry is a promising methodology for the accurate, potentially non‐destructive and convenient characterization of the origins of ancient stones in Cyprus and other geological and archaeologica

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1995.tb00742.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study addresses the chemical variations for Roman Samian wares manufactured during various periods at different workshops within the Lezoux production centre. Instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry were used to determine the chemical constituents of the pottery. The two techniques were evaluated based on the capacity of each to identify the same compositional groups for Lezoux Samian with the use of multivariate statistics. The compositional analysis redefines and clarifies how potters used the clay sources at the site to produce fine wares. The results indicate that the majority of potters from different workshops at Lezoux shared the same clay source during the second century AD.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1995.tb00743.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The question of the nature of social and economic life in the Chalcolithic southern Levant has recently been the subject of increasing interest. Several archaeological sites and features in Israel have been interpreted as elements of religion. These include the shrines at En‐Gedi and Gilat and the Nahal Mishmar hoard. The results of petrographic analyses of the pottery assemblages of these three sites, as well as the ceramic cores of copper artefacts from Nahal Mishmar and additional sites, are presented. In light of these results some previous hypotheses are tested. Alternative suggestions are offered as to the role of these sites in the life of the inhabitants of the Chalcolithic southern Levan

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1995.tb00744.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The application of petrographic analysis to the problems of provenance attribution of ceramics made in the Islamic world is complicated by the presence of the highly quartzose ‘stonepaste’body. To facilitate the differentiation of different stonepaste groups, it has been necessary to develop specific criteria for distinguishing the characteristics of each centre, including the assessment of the degree of cloudiness of the quartz as rendered by fluid inclusions. This has enabled the successful application of petrographic analysis, and the solution of a number of provenance probl

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1995.tb00745.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Blue glass trade beads from well‐dated late seventeenth‐ to early twentieth‐century sites and collections have been analysed non‐destructively by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The beads display enough variations in their elemental contents to allow us to characterize the different chemistries. The implication of these results is that similar chemical analyses of blue beads from undated archaeological sites may be used to help date the sites, since each bead chemistry has a specific earliest

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1995.tb00746.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifty‐three copper‐based metal fragments, recovered from the Robitaille site in southcentral Ontario, were analysed by neutron activation to establish their chemical make‐up and to sort them by their trace elemental chemistries. Three different European copper samples, one brassy copper and 48 brass samples with five different chemistries were found. As few as eight trading actions may account for all of the recovered European metal frag

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1995.tb00747.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the examination of the sculpture of Medea Rejuvenating Aeson attributed to Louis‐Simon Boizot (1743–1809), X‐ray fluorescence analysis revealed, surprisingly, that the outer surface of the brass cast was patinated with platinum. Research into the history of platinum coating methods revealed that chemical techniques for the deposition of platinum from solution were in use before the advent of electroplating. Some experimental work to replicate the patination technique of electrochemical replacement plating of platinum based on recipes from the nineteenth century is described. The technical evidence suggests that a late eighteenth‐century date for the sculpture is rea

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1995.tb00748.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although documentary evidence provided by ethnographers makes reference to the source of adhesives, sealants, dyestuffs and medicines used by the communities of the Great Basin, much of it is sporadic and unspecified. However, observations of amorphous deposits surviving on stone tools, ceramics, basketry and wooden artefacts have prompted an investigation of their identity, procurement and use. The aim initially is to study samples from a number of archaeological and ethnographic contexts from the region. Comparative material includes higher plant and insect resins. The study provides a unique opportunity to document use patterns in plant and animal resources in the Great Basin region.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1995.tb00749.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY