摘要:

This paper is a review of the recent developments in use‐wear analysis. The focus is on some key issues: polish formation, quantification of use‐wear, residue analysis and the way these related themes have affected methods of use‐wear analysis. A brief history of the development of use‐wear analysis is presented and a discussion of blind tests, expert systems (explained at length in the ‘Appendix’) and how use‐wear analysis can be incorporated into thechaîne opératoireapproach to the interpretation of

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1996.tb00771.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Roman African Red Slip ware (ARS) sherds from four ARS kiln sites in modern‐day Tunisia (El Mahrine, El Ala, Oudna and Pheradi Maius) have been analysed using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Multivariate statistical methods (including cluster analysis and Manhattan City Block distances), with a dilution correction applied to the data, were used to interpret the concentration data. Reference groups for each of the four kiln sites were established. Both El Mahrine and Oudna were described by two dilution‐related groups. These kiln groups were all shown to be compositionally distinct from each other and suitable for use in provenance stud

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1996.tb00772.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

African Red Slip ware (ARS) from Carthage and San Sisto Vecchio (Rome) was analysed by neutron activation analysis. The Carthage tableware was linked with Oudna and the type 1 lamps were probably from a northern ARS/lamp factory other than the sources currently investigated. Two samples were central Tunisian, probably manufactured at El Ala. The San Sisto samples divided into three groups and three outliers of undetermined provenance. Group 1 was central Tunisian, probably from El Ala, and was composed entirely of terra sigillata chiara C forms. Group 2 was of unknown origin within northern Tunisia. Group 3 was the largest subset and most of its constituent samples were associated with El Mahrine. Additionally, four samples were linked with Oudna.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1996.tb00773.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence method is used for the non‐destructive qualitative analysis of Jingdezhen blue and white porcelains, which include the imperial wares of the Yongle, Xuande, Chenghua, Jiajing and Wanli periods of the Ming dynasty, the imperial wares of the Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Guangxu periods of the Qing dynasty, and those of the Republic and the contemporary period. The distribution pattern of the X‐ray fluorescence intensities of the six characteristic elements for porcelain manufactured at different times has been investi

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1996.tb00774.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chemical analysis of Early Iron Age sherds from Cyprus and the Levant using atomic absorption spectrometry shows that Black‐on‐Red ware was manufactured only in Cyprus. Two types of fabric are isolated, calcareous and non‐calcareous, and their technological significance discussed. The presence of trade links between the Cypriot sites of Kition and Amathus and sites in the Levant is sugg

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1996.tb00775.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Classifying coins found during excavation is a challenging task for the archaeologist. This paper describes a multimedia system designed to assist the archaeologist by enabling him either to classify coins based on a pre‐existing catalogue or to draw up his own catalogue for specific purposes. The system can also be used to train novices in the field: following an initial screening, the archaeologist only has to examine coins specifically requiring his expertise. A case study uses coins minted in Salerno 800–1200 AD, but the system has been designed to classify any set of coins by simply changing the underlying knowledge base. Very little training is required to operate the user‐friendly system, which runs on multimedia PCs, as it is written using the C++ language and makes full use of the advanced features of Windows

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1996.tb00776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chemical analysis of statistically significant numbers of samples including minerals, sediments, soil, host rock as well as powdered materials, crucible accretions and metal artefacts revealed information about the distribution of cassiterite at Kestel and the tin smelting processes that took place at Göltepe c. 2600 BC. Using the ancient technique of vanning for the isolation of tin ore (cassiterite), followed by assaying by blowpipe/charcoal block, as well as crucible smelting with a blowpipe, good tin metal suitable for alloying with copper to make bronze was obtained. There is every indication that tin was mined and smelted in the Early Bronze Age at the Kestel/Göltepe site

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1996.tb00777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Examination of a Sican ceremonial tumi, dated to the Middle Sican, c. AD 850–1050, showed that it was made in a silver‐copper alloy of approximate composition 93% silver, 6% copper. Many separate pieces are used in the construction, joined together by both mechanical methods and by solder. The principal figure has been made from 18 separate silver sheets, with 169 separate parts identified in the head‐dress, totalling 187 design elements. Metallographic examination of a fragment of repoussé decorated sheet from the figure surmounting the tumi surprisingly showed that the silver‐copper alloy has a cast morphology; this demonstrates that Sican metalsmiths were pre‐casting silver‐copper sheet into the dimensions required for making the tumi, rather than carrying out the expected process of making the idol from hammered silver‐copper sheet, shaped by extensive cycles of working and annealing, thus contradicting the usual assumptions about the manufacture of sheet‐metalwork ma

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1996.tb00778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analyses are compared with neutron activation as well as atomic absorption analyses of ancient copper‐based alloys in order to examine their accuracy and to estimate realistic values for precision and sensitivity of EDXRF. The results show that it is possible to obtain reliable data of the surface composition of objects non‐destructively. Better results for bulk composition are usually obtained with drill samples where the sensitivity of the method is at least competitive with atomic absorption spectroscopy with flame atomiz

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1996.tb00779.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra have been examined under high resolution conditions for 31 samples of fossil resin that have been dated to the Cretaceous period. Samples from Alaska, Canada, parts of the United States, Greenland, France, Switzerland, Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel have very similar spectra, consistent with a common, geographically dispersed palaeobotanical source. Samples within this large group exhibit a variation in spectral linewidth that is consistent with differences in sample age or maturity. A single Triassic sample from Bavaria shows the same spectral patterns but greater linewidths, indicating that it probably had a similar palaeobotanical sourc

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1996.tb00780.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY