摘要:

AbstractComparing various East African carnivores, the influence exerted on their foraging group size by inter‐ and intra‐specific competition for kills is discussed. It is hypothesized that such competition promotes large foraging groups in those predators which defend their kills against scavengers, but limits foraging group size in those which seek to reduce competitive pressure by hunting and feeding inconspicuou

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01455.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAssortative mating has been described in the dimorphic Lesser Snow Goose. Evidence is provided which shows that most birds select a mate of a colour similar to that of the family in which they were raised. The pre‐pairing experience influences mate choice and thus influences the genetic structure of the population. These results provide the first evidence to our knowledge that mate selection based on familial appearance operates intraspecifically in the wild.It was found that approximately 10 % of the birds choose mates opposite to the familial colour. These exceptions account for the frequency of mixed matings in the population. Several theories to explain the exceptions are considere

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01456.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to seek evidence for the influence of sexual selection on both male and female three‐spined sticklebacks, a species in which the ♂ alone has parental responsibilities. We studied the intrasexual relationships of ♂♂ and ♀♀ prior to courtship, and the intrasexual and intersexual relationships of both sexes during courtship. Results demonstrated that both ♂♂ and ♀♀ compete intrasexually, and suggested that both sexes are discriminative in mate selection. These results are compatible with Trivers' (1972) model of the role of parental investment

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01457.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCorroborative results from various horse studies led to the conclusion that management factors might influence horse social organisation. In a free‐living range‐restricted population of 130 horses in the Camargue, a “young herd” whose formation had not previously been recorded, was observed for a period of one year in order to study the effects of still another management system. The uneven distribution of positive and agonistic interactions resulted in a social structure. This structure was stable for 9 months but changed afterwards. The results are compared with those from other horse studies and three variables, i. e. management, population composition and individual differences are developed into a preliminary model from which to predict what factorial combinations lead to what for

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01458.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBased on a series of correlations and the results of several experimental series on the territorial behavior of the threespot damselfishEupomacentrus planifrons, a two‐component system of the causation of territorial aggression is proposed. The first component, spatial commitment, determines the size of the area defended; the second, attack readiness, determines the vigor of such defense. The two differ in their responses to such factors as social isolation and repeated conspecific stimulation (and stimulation from non‐related fishes). By their interaction, these two independent systems can account for not only many of the apparently contradictory results reported in the literature concerning the causation of aggressive behavior (such as the effects of social isolation), but also the stability of social systems based on territoriality. Forms of territorial advertisement, such as bird song and poster‐coloration, are considered in terms of this two‐component

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01459.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Morgan, B. J. T., M. J. A.Simpson, J. P.Hanbyund J.Hall‐Craggs(1976): Visualizing interaction and sequential data in animal behaviour: Theory and application of cluster‐analysis methods (Das Anschaulichmachen von Interaktionen und Sequenzen im Verhalten der Tiere: Theorie und Anwendung von Methoden der Gruppenanalyse).Hausfater, G. (1976): Predatory behavior of Yellow Baboons (Über das Beutefangverhalten des Gelben Babuins,Papio cynocephalus).Kiley‐Worthington, M. (1976): The tail movements of ungulates, canids and felids with particular reference to their causation and function as displays (Die Schwanzbewegungen von Huftieren, Hunden und Katzen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Verursachung und Funktion als Ausdrucks‐mittel).Weber, P. G., und S. P.Weber(1976): The effect of female color, size, dominance and early experience upon mate selection in male convict cichlids,Cichlasoma nigrofasciatumGünther (Pisces, Cichlidae) (Die Wirkung von Farbe, Größe, Überlegenheit des ♀ und Früherfahrungen auf die Partner‐wahl des männlichen Zebracichliden).Smith, D. G. (1976): An experimental analysis of the function of Red‐winged Blackbird song (Experimentelle Untersuchung der Funktion des Gesanges des Rotschulterstärlings).Howard, D. F., und W. R.Tschinkel(1976): Aspects of necrophoric behavior in the Red Imported Fire Ant,Solenopsis invicta(Über den Totentransport bei der Roten Feuerameise).Heidemann, M. K., und L. W.Oring(1976): Functional analysis of Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia) song (Funktionelle Analyse des Gesanges amerikanischer Uferläufer).Wade, T. D.(1976): The effects of strangers on Rhesus monkey groups (Welchen Einfluß übt ein fremder Artgenosse auf eine Rhesusaffengruppe aus?).Hailman, J. P., und R. G.Jaeger(1976): A model of phototaxis and its evaluation with anuran amphibians (Ein Modell der Phototaxis und dessen Überprüfung an Froschlurchen).Impekoven, M. (1976): Responses of Laughing Gull chicks (Larus atricilla) to parental attraction‐ and alarm‐calls, and effect of prenatal auditory experience on the responsiveness to such calls (Über die Antworten von Küken der Aztekenmöwe auf Lock‐ und Alarmrufe ihrer Eltern und die Wirkung akustischer Erfahrungen im Ei auf die Antwortbereitschaft).Raw, A. (1976): The behaviour of males of the solitary beeOsmia rufa(Megachilidae) searching for females (Das Verhalten der ♂♂ der solitären BieneO. r.auf der Suche nach ♀♀).Adams, D. B. (1976): The relation of scent‐marking, olfactory investigation, and specific postures in the isolation‐induced fighting of rats (Über die Beziehung zwischen Duftmarkieren, geruchlichem Erkunden sowie Droh‐und Kämpfhaltungen von Ratten bei isolationsbedingten Kämpfen).Alvarez, F., F.Brazaund A.Norzagaray(1976): The use of the rump patch in the Fallow deer (D. dama) (Über den Gebrauch des „Spiegels” beim Damwild).Smith, S. M. (1976): Predatory behaviour of young Torquoise‐browed Motmots,Eumomota superciliosa(Zum Beutefangverhalten junger Türkis‐brauen‐Sägeracken).Lindner, A.,ed. (1977): Die Waldhühner. Naturgeschichte, Ökologie, Hege und Jagd. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg—Berlin.Thenius, E. (1977): Meer

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01460.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY