摘要:

AbstractThe article reviews most of the data available on the period ẗ of freerunning circadian rhythms, measured in constant conditions. Emphasis is placed on the effects of light intensity and ambient temperature on ẗ, with references to influences of other external as well as internal factors. In the introduction, examples are given of spontaneous and induced variations in ẗ and its dependence on the experimental history. The discussion concentrates' largely on results obtained from arthropods and verteb

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1979.tb00290.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe term functional validation has been used to describe situations in which fully developed behaviours require appropriate environmental support during an early sensitive period if the initial level of responsiveness is to be maintained. The primary objective of the present study was to determine if an age‐related decline in responsiveness to the maternal feeding call occurred inGalluschicks and, if so, whether or not brief exposure to the call during an early responsive period would maintain responsiveness beyond that period. A decline in responsiveness to the call was observed beyond three days of age in dark‐reared chicks. Exposure to the call for 7.5 min before three days of age was adequate to maintain responsiveness at five days of

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1979.tb00291.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGroup dynamics, home range sizes, marking behaviour, food habits, daily activity, and inter‐ and intra‐group social interactions of Bat‐eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) were studied in the Serengeti National Park in East A

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1979.tb00292.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of individual learning in the general song organization is studied in the songs of greenfinches, canaries and their hybrids. The songs of a greenfinch, raised by a canary, reveal that the temporal organization is species‐specifically determined by the song program: the vocal patterns, which he had learnt from the canary, his foster parent, are arranged according to the rules of the greenfinch program. These species‐specific rules disappear, even in adults, in the songs of autumn and early spr

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1979.tb00293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFeral asses (Equus asinus) were studied in a desert range in southeastern California, USA. They formed small, highly unstable groups of varied sex and age composition. Older ♂♂ tended to be solitary and some were seasonally territorial. Home ranges of marked individuals overlapped and averaged 32 km2. The territory of a marked ♂ occupied 0.5 km2. The social and spatial organizations of the study population are compared with other feral ass populations and with other equid species. Loose social organization is viewed as well‐adapted to the low carrying capacity of deserts, and the territorial system similarly adaptive when precipitation is p

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1979.tb00294.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince dwarf mongooses in captivity show an extremely stable familiar structure with no evidence of group break‐up, the study was designed to place the animals under crowding stress to determine whether such tendencies would be manifested and whether compensatory mechanisms to maintain group cohesion are present. A stable family group of 12 animals was investigated and observations over 150 h under control and 120 h under crowded conditions made. The results show that social pressure is mainly exerted on subordinate adult ♂♂ and ♀♀, sometimes resulting in their death by stress‐induced uraemia, through increased aggression by the a pair. The social system stabilises after 16 days but high intra‐group aggression/submission remains. Synchronisation of oestrus cycles in nubile ♀♀ resulted in simultaneous littering with loss of all young. The significance of these findings for population regula

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1979.tb00295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Veselovský, Z.(1978): Beobachtungen zu Biologie und Verhalten des Groz̀en KragenlaubenvogelsBaptista, L. F.(1978): Territorial, courtship and duett songs of the Cuban GrassquitBerg‐Schlosser, G.(1978): Schneepaddeln, eine Verhaltensweise des BergfinkenRussell, P., undJ. H. Balda(1978): The care of young Piñon JaysGüttinger, H. R.(1978): Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen und Gesangsaufbau beim StieglitzImmelmann, K., H.‐H. Kalberlah, P. RauschundA. Stahnke(1978): Sexuelle Prägung als möglicher Faktor innerartlicher Isolation beim ZebrafinkenThielcke, G., K. WüstenbergundP. H. Becker(1978): Reaktionen von Zilp‐zalp und FitisCsiscáky, M.(1978): Über den Gesang der FeldlerchePflumm, W.(1978): Zur Nahrungsaufnahme des FichtenkreuzschnabelsLöhrl, H.(1978): Das “Nachstürzen” — eine reflexartige Reaktion, entfallene Beute wieder zu erlangenReddig, E.(1978): Der Ausdrucksflug der BekassineBecker, P. H.(1978): Der Einfluz̀ des Lernens auf einfache und komplexe Gesangsstrophen der SumpfmeiseBerthold, P., undG. Zinked.(1977): Ökophysiologische Probleme in der OrnithologieThiele, H. U.(1977): Carabid beetles in their environmentsMostofsky, D. I.,ed.(1978): The behavior of fish and other aquatic animalsSnow, D. W.(1976): The Web of Adaptation (Das Netzwerk der Anpassungen)Remmert, H.(1978): Ökologie. Ein LehrbuchChristiansen, F. B., undT. M. Fenchel(1977): Theories of populations in biological communitiesWeber, E.(1974): Einfüh

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1979.tb00296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY