摘要:

AbstractDistribution of food to early and late hatched nestlings was studied in asynchronously hatched broods of the great titParus major, the blackbirdTurdus merula, and the fieldfareT. pilaris. Food distribution is related to the locomotory and begging behaviour and positions in the nest of these nestlings. Late hatched (small) nestlings were found to beg more often per feed than bigger nestlings and move more towards favoured positions in the nest to counteract selective feeding of bigger young. The functional significance of these differences in the behaviour of early and late hatched nestlings are discussed. It is argued that they are adaptive by 1) ensuring that each nestling survives when food supplies are ample, and 2) by mediating an optimal brood reduction when food is insufficient to raise the entire brood. The roles of asynchronous hatching, and selective feeding which follows from differential behaviour of early and late hatched young are discussed in relation to food conditions during the breeding season.

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1980.tb01050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTests on male goats were designed to determine their capacity for colour vision. The colours yellow, orange, blue, violet and green were tested against gray nuances of like brightness. Goats were found to be able to distinguish between colours and gray nuances. The rate of errors increased in the order: orange, green, red, yellow, violet, blue.

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1980.tb01051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdult male Japanese quail and, to a lesser extent, adult females were likely to approach a member of the opposite sex which they had not seen before in preference to one with which they grew up. However, they only did this if the group in which they were reared when young contained a particular number of the opposite sex: two females in the case of males and three males in the case of females. The result is explained in terms of the likelihood of the novel member of the opposite sex being slightly different from those with which the birds grew up. If the number of individuals of the opposite sex is small, a novel one is likely to be unacceptably strange, and if the number is high any novel bird from a limited laboratory stock is likely to resemble one or other of the familiar birds. A functional explanation for the quail's behaviour in terms of optical outbreeding is discussed.

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1980.tb01052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSlavemaking occurs in 8 genera or ants belonging to 2 subfamilies. Their raiding behaviour is described and compared. The basic organisation of a raid comprises scouting, recruitment, fight, and brood transportation. These elements can ordinarily be derived from the behaviour of the independent host species. Certain trends in the evolution of recruitment and fighting behaviour are discussed. “Intraspecific slavery”, which has been described by various authors, probably belongs to territorial behaviour. We doubt whether it represents an evolutionary precursor of true, interspecific slav

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1980.tb01053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree freeliving one‐male‐units (OMU), each with two ♀♀ and several young were followed on the daily march and at the sleeping cliff. Three more OMUs of the same size were studied during experiments in a field enclosure. In all OMUs the ♀♀ could be differentiated by their spatial position in the group. According to their positions the ♀♀ exhibited different behaviors. The central ♀♀ were more socially engaged, while the peripheral ♀♀ exhibited more habitat‐oriented behaviors. The central‐peripheral differentiation appeared to be stabilized by differences between the ♀♀: The central ♀♀ tended to be younger and higher in rank; the peripheral ♀♀ showed a greater independence and

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1980.tb01054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Solbrig, O. T., und D. J. Solbrig (1979): Introduction to Population Biology and Evolution (Populationsbiologie und Evolution, einc Einführung).Lorenz. K. (1979): Das Jahr der Graueans (The year of the grevlag goose).Schneider, E. (1978): Der Feldhase. Biologie — Verhalten — Hege und Jagd. (The brown hare.Wayre, Ph. (1979): The private life of the Otter (Das Leben des Fischotters).Blendinger, W. (1980): Psychologie und Verhaltensweisen des Pferdes (mit Vergleichen aus der Psychologie anderer Tiere und des Menschen).Winn, H. E., und B. L. Olla, eds. (1979): Behavior of Marine Animals.Brewer, St. (1978): Die Affenschule. Neue Wege der Wildtierforschung. Mit einem Vorwort von J. Goodall.Watson, P. F., ed. (1978): Artificial breeding of non‐domestic animals (Zucht von Wildtieren).Teutsch, G. M., E. von Loeper, G. Martin, J. Müller, unter Mitarbeit von A. Nabholz, G. van Putten und H. H. Sambraus(1979).Syme, G. J., unci L. A. Syme (1979): Social structure in farm animals (Über die Sozialstruktur bei landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren).Zippel, H. P., ed. (1973): Memory and Transfer of Information (Gedächtnis und Übertragung von Ler

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1980.tb01055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY