摘要:

AbstractTemporal patterning of flight song activity was examined in a population of Lesser Skylarks in Viet Nam. Onset and termination of songs were timed. Temporal dispersion of songs was analyzed from the distribution of intersong intervals, and the tendency of songs to be started prior to, shortly after, or long after cessation of a neighbor's song was examined. Skylarks tended to sing sequentially, clustering their songs in time after long periods of silence. However, they showed a strong tendency to avoid overlapping songs, perhaps because of the possibility of jamming by songs of neighbors. These two factors, intraspecific social stimulation and temporal avoidance, appear to be important determinants of singing behavior in this species.

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb00264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract and SummaryMany animals use composite signals, combining e. g. auditory and visual components. If the components travel at different speeds, the time lag between reception of the components increases with increasing distance from the sender. Problems arising especially from rhythmical repetition of composite signals are discussed and possible solutions are indicated.

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb00265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractField studies on individually marked birds near Stellenbosch, South Africa support the view thatAnas sparsais a river specialist derived from a pond‐dwelling mallard‐like ancestor. The key river adaptation is year‐round territoriality and only established pairs breed. Mates cooperate in territory defense and both sexes engage in damaging fighting (using wing‐spurs) over mates and territories. Changes in social behavior interpreted as consequences of river specialization include elimination of raping, strong development of mate‐testing, mate‐stealing and mate‐holding tactics, and reduction of social courtship to a vestig

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb00266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn many primate species, more ♂ ♂ than ♀ ♀ leave their natal group and transfer to another. In man, chimpanzee and the gorilla, however, the reverse is the case. This paper presents detailed data for the gorilla on individuals' movements into and out of breeding units. Comparisons are made with other primates, and with data on two non‐primate species in which ♀♀ rather than ♂ ♂ move between breeding units. Proximate causes and functions of emigration and transfer are considered, and the reasons (proximate and evolutionary) for the observed sex differences in frequency of movem

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb00267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSnake naive and experienced California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) were video taped while interacting with either a gopher snake or rattlesnake in a simulated burrow dimly illuminated with red light. Using nonvisually guided behavior, naive and experienced squirrels reacted to snakes in qualitatively similar ways, and behaved more defensively toward snakes than toward a control stimulus (white rat). The squirrels alternately interacted with the snake and attempted to escape from the burrow, which had a sealed entrance. Interaction with the snake included cautious approach in elongate postures, prolonged investigation of adjacent alleys before entering them, kicking sand at the snake, frequent tooth chattering, occasional calling, and building burrow plugs out of sand. These they packed by butting with their heads. When permitted to escape from the burrow, they turned just outside the entrance to tail flag, kick sand, scent mark, and finally plug the burrow. Since visual cues were not available, olfactory and auditory stimuli from the snake appeared to mediate snake‐directed behavior in the burro

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Hazlett, B. A.,ed. (1977): Quantitative methods in the study of animal behavior (Quantitative Methoden in der Verhaltensforschung)National Geographic Societyed. (1977): Das neue Bild der Tierwelt. Verhaltensforscher berichten (The marvels of animal behavior, übersetzt, von G. Strub)George, U.(1976): In den Wüsten dieser Erde. Faszinierende Entdeckungen und Erkenntnisse eines Naturforschers. Verlag Hoffmann und Campe, HamburgRowe‐Rowe, D. T.(1978): The small carnivores of Natal (Die Kleinraubsäuger Natals)Koller/Anders/Steitz(1977): Zoologie — Eine Einführung in die TierkundeSchlieper, C.(1977): Praktikum der Zoophysiologie. 4. Aufl., neubearbeitet von W. Hanke, K. Hamdorf, E. Horn, C. SchlieperConrad, B.(1977): Die Giftbelastung der Vogelwelt Deut

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb00269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY