摘要:

AbstractThe present report represents an initial study of maternal behavior inAcomys cahirinus.Specificity of maternal responsiveness to own vs. other infants, and agonistic behavior between recently parturient ♀♀ were recorded for groups containing two lactating ♀♀ and their offspring. In order to assess the role of experience and physiological factors in the control of maternal behavior, several classes of adult ♀♀ were tested for their retrieval of conspecif

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01833.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn one field and two laboratory experiments, wild, wild‐captured and partly laboratory‐raised 16 to 18‐day old great tit nestlings were subjected to repeated presentations of auditory stimuli of varying biological significance. The frequency of occurrence of the stimuli in the study area was censused. — All nestlings showed strong aversive reactions to the ‘seeet’ alarm‐call of the species. It is concluded that a selective responsiveness to this call develops independently of previous exposure to it. A functional interpretation of this reaction is derived from its presumed adaptive value. Three hypothetical interpretations are suggested to explain its emergence in the individual nestling; The ‘seeet’‐call elicits aversive reactions because of, 1) its novelty, 2) its intensity in terms of relative concentration of energy over its frequency range and 3) its contrasting acoustic structure compared to the nestlings' begging‐call which has become strongly associated w

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01834.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo determine whether odd individuals were more vulnerable to predation than the majority of a swarm, four types of choice experiments were conducted with three‐spined sticklebacks(Gasterosteus aculeatusL.) as predators and water fleas(Daphnia magna)as prey, attempting to separate out the roles of oddity and conspicuousness. Odd‐coloured water fleas were attacked more often by the predators than the majority, suggesting that oddity is effective apart from conspicuousness, which, however, also played a r

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01835.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe flight patterns of a group of trained horseshoe bats are described. The wing‐beat cycle and the landing manoeuvres were analysed from a film with 200 frames/s. Marking the bats showed that the numbers and sequences of orientation flights and landings were individually different. During the feeding period the bats were aggressive. A hierarchy among them was noticed. During the resting period the horseshoe bats roosted in contact with each othe

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01836.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVarious experiments with 56 captive‐born lizards,Anolis lineatopus, involving up to four replicates strongly suggest that the species is capable of olfaction. The readiness to attack four diverse prey species (cricket, Mediterranean flour moth, German cockroach, wood ant) was neither influenced by odour cues nor by the degree of novelty of the prey item; odour cues were those of the prey offered in a trial and four pure non‐prey odourous compounds. Approximately 80 % of the total variance of the two attack measures employed could be accounted for by the individuality of Ss and by fluctuations of attack readin

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01837.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnalysis of the flight behaviour of siskins(Carduelis spinus)was made possible by tethering them with a harness to a flight balance in a wind tunnel. It could be shown that the breast feathers work as an air‐current sense organ influencing the siskins' flight pattern and the aerodynamic parameter

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01838.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe question was investigated whether an insectivorous bird when hungry can form the concept of bilateral symmetry which might enable it to detect resting prey proficiently. Eight great tits of both sexes were trained in four experiments with insects as reward to discriminate either between a pair of figures that differed only in terms of the presence of bilateral symmetry (symmetric—asymmetric), or simultaneously between pairs of figures that were both symmetric (symmetric—symmetric) or not (symmetric—asymmetric). Symmetry concept formation was demonstrated in some of the Ss by a) generalization tests and b) a better performance with symmetric‐asymmetric pairs as compared to symmetric—symmetric pairs. While one S attended to symmetry regardless of the orientation of the symmetry axis, another probabl

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01839.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBumble‐bees frequently use sugar as nest construction material. Examples of nests are described, and details of the construction process given. Several questions for further study are suggeste

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01840.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book Reviewed in this article:Meyer‐Holzapfel, M., und H. Räber (1976): Zur Ontogenese des Beutefangs beim Waldkauz(Strix a. alucoL.). Beobachtungen und Experimente.Fraser, G. (1976): The nursing posture of domestic sows and related behaviour (Die Säugestellung und dazugehörige Bewegungsweisen des Hausschweins).Boughey, M. J., und N. S. Thompson (1976): Species specificity and individual variation in the songs of the brown Thrasher(Toxostoma rufum)and Catbird(Dumetella carolinensis)(Artspezifität und individuelle Variation der Gesänge von Spottdrosseln).Gallagher, J. (1976): Sexual imprinting: effects of various regimens of social experience on mate preference in Japanese QuailCoturnix coturnix japonica(Sexuelle Prägung: der Einfluß verschiedenartiger sozialer Erfahrung auf die Partnerwahl bei der Japanischen Wachtel).Chivers, D. J. (1976): Communication within and between family groups of Siamang(Symphalangus syndactylus)(Verständigung in und zwischen Familiengruppen des Siamang).Sandegren, F. E. (1976): Agonistic behavior in the male Northern Elephant Seal (Kampfverhalten bei Männchen des nördlichen See‐Elefanten).Sandegren, F. E. (1976): Courtship display, agonistic behavior, and social dynamics in the Steller Sea‐Lion(Eumetopias jubatus)(Werben, Kämpfen und Gesellschaftsordnung bei Stellers Seelöwen).Nachtigall, W. (1974): Biological mechanisms of attachment. The comparative morphology and bioengineering of organs for linkage, suction and adhesion (Biologische Mechanismen der Befestigung. Eine vergleichend morphologische und biotechnische Untersuchung von Organen zum Verbinden, Ansaugen und Anhaften, übersetzt von M. A. Biederman‐Thorson).Stresemann, E. (1975): Ornithology. From Aristotle to the present (Die Entwicklung der Ornithologie, übersetzt von H. J. und C. Epstein, herausgegeben von G. W. Cottrell).Conrad, B., und W. Poltz (1976): Vogelschutz in Europa — Ein Situations‐bericht über den Vogelschutz in den Staaten der Europäischen Gemeinschaft. Vogelkundliche Bibliothek Band 3. Kilda‐Verlag, Greven.Haarmann, K., und P. Pretscher (1976): Die Feuchtgebiete internationaler Bedeutung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland — Lebensstätten für Watund Wasservögel.Thielcke, G. (1975): Hilfe für Wasservögel. Vogelkundliche Bibliothek Band 2. Kilda‐Verlag, Greven.Heinroth, O. (1977): Aus dem Leben der Vögel.Lambert, T., A. Mitchell und R. van den Elzen (1977): Unsere schöne Vogelwelt in Garten, Feld und Wald (Lambert's birds of garden and woodlands). Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin und Hamburg.Hess, E. H. (1977): Das sprechende Auge — Die Pupille verrät verborgene Reaktionen (Th

ISSN:0044-3573    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY