摘要:

AbstractThe cysteine proteinases cathepsins B and L have the potential to degrade connective tissue in chronic periodontitis and this may progress episodically at individual tooth sites. The activities of cathepsin B‐ and L‐like proteinases in homogenised gingival tissue from control and periodontitis patients were measured biochemically using the selective peptide substrate Z‐Phe‐Arg‐AFC and the selective cathepsin L inhibitor Z‐Phe‐Phe‐CHN2. Each tooth site was divided, where appropriate, into gingival tissue and granulomata. These were assayed separately and the measurements related to the DNA and protein contents of the tissues. Enzyme activity in healthy control tissue was significantly lower than in diseased tissue. Enzyme activity in gingival tissue and total tissue from periodontitis patients decreased with increasing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index and bleeding index whilst cathepsin B activity in granulomata increased with increasing pocket depth and clinical attachment level but not with increasing gingival index or gingival bleeding index. Mean enzyme activity in gingival tissue was 1.6–2.8 times greater than in granulomata. Mean patient enzyme activity in diseased patients did not correlate positively with their mean pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index or gingival bleeding index. These results are best explained by the probable cellular origins of the enzymes and the likely influence of their serum and tissue inhibitors during th

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInstruments suitable for removing calculus, plaque and necrotic cementum, which hinder normal periodontal reattachment, are extremely important for successful therapy. The test was carried out in order to see if a standard sealer used for ultrasonic tartar removal maintains its physical features when sharpened. 6 sealers, compatible with piezoelectric generators, were tested and 2 diameters, A and B, weights and resonance frequencies were measured. Sealers no. 2, 3, 4, 5, were sharpened with India stone, sealer no. 6 with rotatory instrument; sealer no. 1 was not sharpened and was used as control. All measurements were taken again at the end of the test. Statistical analysis reveals significant variations, after sharpening, ofAdiameter (t= 4.14>3.55,p3.355,p2.306,p<0.05); in contrast, there is no significant change of weights (t= 1.170.05). These results suggest that sharpening slightly modifies the physical features of ultrasonic tips, so that sharpening ultrasonic sealers, from a physical point of view, can be carried out, paying attention not to damage the water cooling system.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to assess possible associations between episodic probing attachment loss and cell populations in the supracrestal connective tissue in humans. 10 systemically healthy adult patients with untreated advanced periodontitis were monitored during a period of 10 months. At baseline and every month thereafter, probing attachment levels were measured at 6 sites of every tooth using an electronic pressure sensitive probe and flexible stents. Corresponding contralateral sites were identified where 1 site had lost 2 mm or more attachment within the previous month (P), and the other site had not (C). Supracrestal soft tissue biopsies were taken from these sites, processed and cut into 1 μm sections. Cell populations were identified in superficial and deep connective tissue areas by counting fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, endothelial cells and the total number of inflammatory cells. Analysis of variance assessed differences in cell populations between P‐ and C‐sites. There were statistically significantly higher numbers of fibroblasts in the standard areas of C‐sites (p0.2). Clinically assessed episodes of periodontal disease progression may be associated with site‐specific shifts in inflammator

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study comprises an investigation of 7 different probe types, representing currently‐marketed major designs (WHO‐CPITN, Williams, Michigan), as well as available calibration systems (engraved, etched and painted markings). Width of markings, accuracy of calibration from probe tip, and tine diameter at the tip and at specified points along the tine were assessed, using a stereomicroscope at a magnification of × 40. Blind duplicate measurements of these probe tine characteristics were 100% reproducible to within 0.01 mm. There was an overall range in marking width from 0.00–1.13 mm. The best marking, in that it had no appreciable width and the highest accuracy, was the discrete transition between normal and engraved parts of probes with engraved bands. Mean inaccuracies of different probe sets varied from 0.06 to 0.22 mm. Probes from the same batch from the same production line could differ by more than 0.5 mm in calibration. Mean tip diameter ranged from 0.28 to 0.70 mm. It was concluded that probe tine diameter and calibration should be considered in addition to other variables of periodontal probing. Standardisation of tine characteristics and avoidance of the use of different types or batches in a single study should enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of periodontal probe‐dependent meas

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis of replacing molars with advanced periodontitis by autotransplanted fully developed third molars. The patient sample consisted of 18 subjects, 24–58 years of age. The patients selected had at least 1 molar with advanced periodontal tissue destruction. After extraction of the diseased molar, autotransplantation of a third molar was immediately performed. After a splinting and healing period of 2–3 weeks, endodontic treatment was carried out. The follow‐up included recordings of the clinical parameters, probing periodontal pocket depth, probing attachment level, percussion sound, and mobility. Radiographs were taken immediately after the surgical procedure, after 6 months, 1 year, and thereafter annually. The results of this study indicate that autotransplantation may be an alternative treatment procedure for molars with advanced periodontal di

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this survey was to study the prevalence of juvenile periodontitis in schoolchildren aged 15–19 years in Santiago, Chile. A random sample of 2500 schoolchildren (1318 male, 1182 female) that represented the full range of different socio‐economic strata and ethnic groups seen in the population of Santiago, was used. Initially, the children were screened clinically at school by assessment of probing depths around the incisors and first molars with a WHO 621 pattern probe. Children with 2 or more teeth with 5.5 mm or deeper pockets were invited for a radiographic examination comprising bitewing radiographs of molars, and periapical radiographs of incisors. Any subject with 2 mm or more alveolar bone loss was invited for a full clinical and radiographic examination. After screening, 27 subjects had a tentative diagnosis of juvenile periodontitis. 4 of these refused radiographic examination and only accepted a thorough clinical examination. 23 subjects presented themselves for the radiographic and complete clinical examination. Of the 27 subjects selected for detailed examination, 8 subjects (7 female, and 1 male) were diagnosed as having juvenile periodontitis. There was an overall prevalence of juvenile periodontitis of 0.32% with 95% confidence, which gives a range of +0.10%. When prevalence was assessed by socio‐economic status, juvenile periodontitis was found more commonly in low socio‐economic group. The results of the current study suggest that in Chile, there might be a relationship between socio‐economic status and prevalence of juvenile periodontitis, and that this disease is more frequent

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was undertaken to re‐examine early and recent morphologic descriptions of gingival and periodontal inflammation based on a study of gingival biopsies and block sections of human jaws. A collection of 350 autopsy and surgically retrieved jaw sections containing multiple teeth and displaying various stages of periodontal inflammation were subjected to routine histologic preparation and analyzed with step serial sections. 105 gingival biopsies, serially sectioned, including 15 clinically normal specimens, were also studied. The results of these investigations suggest that the inflammatory lesion extends into the alveolar process and elicits a response, often before evidence of crestal resorption or connective tissue attachment loss has occurred. Similarily, deep penetrations of inflammatory cells into the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and periapical tissues, along with fibrosis and enlargement of the marrow spaces, were common findings with advancing disease. More widespread distributions of inflammatory cells than previously described were found in clinically normal gingiva, while in more inflamed gingiva, the inflammatory cell types found and their pattern of distribution varied greatly from individual to individual. These observations cast doubt on the perception of human periodontitis as a localized and marginal disease and suggest that its effects may be much more pervasive than previously though

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe potential of periodontal ligament‐derived tissues to regenerate periodontal attachment after cryosurgical trauma to the PDL in dogs was evaluated. The buccal alveolar plate of each canine tooth was exposed by a semi‐lunar excision. A 3 mm thick cryoprobe, cooled to ‐81 °C, was placed on the bone 5 mm apical to the crest for 10 s. This induced cellular devitalization in the bone directly in contact with the probe and the PDL under it. The freezing‐thawing cycle was repeated 3 times. Control sites were sham‐operated at room temperature. Histologic sections from the center of the lesions were obtained from 1 h, 48 h and 30 d specimens. 1‐h control and experimental histologic sections were similar. At 48 h post‐surgery, the cellular component of the frozen PDL could not be identified and inflammatory response was minimal. The collagenous framework, however, appeared to form a continuum between the alveolar bone and cementum. Lacunae in the bone at the frozen segment were empty. The injured PDL was surrounded by normal PDL. Control specimens appeared normal. At 30 d, the PDL space in the frozen segments was populated by PDL‐like tissue which did not differ significantly from the PDL coronal or apical to it. Collagen fibers appeared to be attached to the cementum on one side and to the alveolar bone on the other. Bone resorption or ankylosis was not observed in the experimental sites. It is suggested that the extracellular matrix in the devitalized area was preserved, supporting regeneration o

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInterleukin Iβ is a potent bone resorptive cytokine which also mediates soft tissue destruction through the stimulation of prostaglandin production, and the induction of collagenase and other proteases. This constellation of activities suggests a role for IL‐1β in the pathogenesis of human periodontitis. Levels of IL‐1β were therefore determined in tissue obtained from (1) diseased, active (2) diseased, inactive, and (3) healthy sites from 12 patients with destructive adult periodontitis. Disease activity was defined as attachment loss of ≥2.5 mm, as determined by sequential probing and the tolerance method. IL‐1β was extracted from homogenates of tissue biopsies taken at surgery, and levels were quantified by ELISA. IL‐1β was found to be present in most patient tissue samples, with levels ranging from 0–82 ng/ml. Disease active sites had higher IL‐1β levels (p<0.05) than inactive and healthy sites. Diseased inactive sites were divided into 2 groups, those losing small amounts of attachment (0.5–2.0 mm, worsening sites) and those which showed no change or attachment gain (stable sites). Stable diseased sites had IL‐1β levels which were comparable to those found in healthy sites, and which were significantly different from active sites (p25 ng/ml (p<0.01). Thus, IL‐1β levels were positively related to changes in attachment level, but were inversely related to the presence of supragingival plaque or redness, and were unrelated to bleeding on probing or suppuration, indicating a dissociation between the presence of inflammation and IL‐1β levels. These data indicate that IL‐1β may have utility for the detection of sites of periodontal disease activity, and suggest that IL‐1β may be an important mediator

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate possible associations between subgingival plaque bacterial morphotypes, as assessed by darkground microscopy, and clinical indices of routine adult chronic periodontitis. Clinical indices were plaque index (PII), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), papilla bleeding index (FBI), attachment loss (AL), pocket depth (PD) and probeable pocket depth (PPD). Apical border plaque was sampled in vivo and after extraction to test whether direct or indirect sampling affected any such associations. Similarly, pocket depth and attachment loss were also assessed directly and indirectly on the same teeth, in vivo or after extraction. The influence of the type of index used to record inflammation (GI, SBI, PBI) was also assessed, as were the effects of the numbers of sampled subjects and the method of analysis, which comprised the use of transformed and untransformed data and of parametric and non‐parametric tests. Data were collected in relation to the approximal surfaces of 44 teeth extracted from 22 adults (2 teeth each) and from 1 pair of contralateral upper anterior or premolar teeth in each of 100 adults, all which untreated routine chronic periodontitis. Selected subjects had ≤4 mm probeable pocket depth and/or attachment loss, and radiographic evidence of bone loss in relation to 1 approximal surface on each of 1 pair of contralateral anterior or premolar teeth, or to 2 teeth scheduled for extraction. Plaque preparation and darkground microscopy were as described previously. Insignificant associations (P>0.05) were demonstrated between supragingival plaque (P1I) and periodontal inflammation (GI, SBI, PBI) or destruction (PPD and AL), as well as between inflammation and attachment level. In contrast, significant moderate associations (r= 0.5–0.77) were demonstrated between each of the 3 morphotype groups; spirochaetes, other motiles and cocci. Spirochaetes showed a significant moderate (r= 0.5) positive association with pocket depth with a 2.43% mean increase of spirochaetes for each 1 mm increase of PPD. Although highly significant associations (r= 0.9) were demonstrable between the 3 inflammation indices (GI, SBI, PBI) themselves, only PBI showed significant positive associations (r= 0.3) with spirochaetes and other motiles. Also, P1I showed significant associations with each of the 4 morphotypes (r= 0.3–0.5). The heterogeneity of spirochaetes and other motiles as well as the multiplicity of possible aetiological microbial agents in plaque may have resulted in underestimated associations between subjects as well as undetectable association within a given mouth using only 4 morphotype groups. Method of plaque sampling, pocket depth, attachment loss or inflammation assessment did not generally affect the results. Nor did data transformation or statistical method used significantly enhance the strength of demonstrated assoc

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY