摘要:

Abstract.A sample of 414 patients, treated between 1985 and 1988 by an Italian periodontal practice for supportive periodontal therapy, was studied to determine compliance with recommended maintenance programmes. Patients included in the study had attended for supportive periodontal therapy for at least 1 year prior to the close of data collection in 1989. Based on their compliance with the suggested maintenance schedule, patients were classified as complete attending (100% of programmed visits), partial (at least 50% of programmed visits), or insufficient (less than 50% of programmed visits). Only 30%) of the initial patient sample was found to be compliant at the end of 1989. Complete compliance decreased as the number of years after active therapy increased, from 38% at 1 year to 20% at 4 years. The % of patients with insufficient compliance increased from 37% to 46% from the 1st to the 2nd year, then remained stable over the following years, indicating that the 1st year represented the critical period when subjects decided whether to follow recommended maintenance therapy. No significant relationships were found between degree of compliance and patient gender, recall schedule or type of treatment procedure performed. However, complete compliant subjects were younger than the other groups (p<0.03), and compliance increased with the number of surgeries (p<0.002).

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of bone loss in the primary dentition of children. Radiographs from children aged 7–9 were collected from 25 out of a total of 26 Public Dental Clinics in the County of Örebro, Sweden. These radiographs, representing 36.0%, 50.3% and 48.7% of all 7‐, 8‐ and 9‐year‐old children (n= 8666) living in the districts of the participating clinics, constituted aprimary sample.In addition, the 9‐year‐olds were subjected to a more comprehensive sampling procedure to obtain a more complete sample (sample of 9‐year‐olds), resulting in a group of 2017 children (71.9%). The radiographs were evaluated with respect to presence of marginal bone loss (CEJ‐MBL: distance between the cemento‐enamel junction and the marginal bone level>2 mm), proximal calculus and number of decayed and filled proximal surfaces (dfsp) in the posterior areas of the primary dentition. In the primary sample, the prevalence of bone loss for 1 proximal surfaces of the primary dentition in the 7‐, 8‐ and 9‐year‐old children was 2.0%, 3.1% and 4.5%, respectively. The corresponding figures for proximal calculus were 2.5%, 3.1% and 4.2%. Mean number of dfspamounted to 2.3, 2.5 and 3.0. The prevalences of bone loss and proximal calculus as well as the mean number of dfspin thesample of 9‐year‐oldscorresponded to the findings for the 9‐year‐old children in theprimary sample.The analyses of thesample of 9‐year‐oldsshowed that most of the children with bone loss had 1 affected surface only. The largest CEJ‐MBL distance for each individual with bone loss ranged from 2.5 to 6.0 mm. Children with bone loss displayed calculus more often than children without bone loss. The children with bone loss also showed higher mea

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A total of 126 gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from 20 adults using paper strips. Patients were divided into a periodontitis‐affected group (13 subjects) and a periodontitis‐free group (7 subjects) by pocket depth and radiological bone loss. 4 subjects from the periodontitis‐affected group received a single episode of periodontal treatment (scaling, root planing and curettage) and GCF samples were collected 2, 5, 10, 20 and 40 days after treatment. Type I collagen carfaoxyterminal telopeptide (ICTP) in GCF was extracted into saline solution and determined by a radioimmunological method. Mean GCF ICTP concentration was 425 μg/1 (SEM 45) in periodontitis patients and 148 μg/l (SEM 25) in periodontitis‐free subjects, i.e., GCF ICTP concentrations were about 100 × higher than serum reference values. Significant positive correlations were found between GCF ICTP total amount per site and plaque index (R= 0.362), papilla bleeding index (R= 0.259), pocket depth (R= 0.464) and radiological bone loss (R= 0.418). Periodontal treatment decreased GCF JCTP concentration to the level seen in healthy subjects. However, large variations were seen between subjects and sites. ICTP levels below the detection limit were often found in deep pockets, as well as high values in periodontitis‐free subjects. It was concluded that GCF ICTP reflects the local type I collagen degradation in periodontal tissues, and probably gives information about the tissue destruction process beyond the reach of the clinica

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have often been measured in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as possible indicators of gingival inflammation and bone metabolism. Osteocalcin (OC), a major component of bone matrix, is mainly produced by osteoblasts, and could also be considered as a marker of bone turnover. The aims of this preliminary study were lo examine if OC was present in GCF and to assess the relationships of OC, PGE2, and ALP in GCF to periodontal conditions. GCF samples were collected with durapore strips from 34 healthy, 12 gingivitis and 118 periodontitis sites in 17 subjects. ELISA techniques were used for the determinations of OC and PGE2. ALP was measured spectrophotometrically by using p‐nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. Total amounts and concentrations of PGE2and ALP were significantly higher in periodontitis as compared to healthy and gingivitis sites, and were significantly and positively correlated with probing depth (PD) and gingival index (GI). OC was present in GCF from both healthy and diseased sites with mean concentrations more than ten times greater than normal serum levels. Total OC amounts from strips soaked with GCF from periodontitis sites were significantly higher than those Found in healthy and gingivitis sites. When the data were expressed as concentrations, OC showed significantly positive correlations with GI, but not with PD. However, total amounts of OC significantly correlated with both clinical parameters. OC, PGE2and ALP were found to have significantly positive correlations with each other, both when expressed as total amounts and concentrations. These data suggest that a significant amount of OC present in GCF is produced locally by periodontal tissues. Total OC amounts in GCF, as well as PGE2, and ALP levels, can be considered as potential markers of periodontitis. However, in order to better define the capacity of such mediators for diagnosis, additional longitudinal studies are neede

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.144 subjects completed a 6‐month, double‐blind study which examined the effects of a 0.3% triclosan/2% copolymer/0.243% sodium fluoride dentifrice on the microflora of supragingival dental plaque. The subjects were randomly assigned to use, in an oral hygiene program, either the triclosan/copolymer/fluoride test dentifrice or a control dentifrice. The latter had the same formulation as the test dentifrice except it did not contain triclosan. Supragingival plaque was collected from the buccal and lingual surfaces of 4 teeth at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, and microbiological examined by darkfield microscopy, gram stain morphology', immunofluorescence, and selective and non‐selective media. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by agar dilution and whole plaque susceptibility methodologies on plaque samples from 136 subjects at each of the above sample periods and at 6‐week intervals for an additional 6 months post‐therapy. Both dentifrices resulted in highly statistically significant reductions in the total cultivable flora obtained at both the 3 and 6‐month samples relative to baseline as well as at 6 months relative to the 3‐month sample. The relative decrease in total anaerobic counts and in strict anaerobes, while not statistically significant, was more pronounced at both the 3‐ and 6‐month sample periods in subjects receiving the triclosan dentifrice than for the controls. Neither dentifrice resulted in detrimental shifts in the microbial composition of the normal flora nor led to the emergence of periodontal or opportunistic pathogens. There was no difference in the relative proportions of the microflora resistance to triclosan or in the number of subjects harboring triclosan‐resistant micro‐organisms regardless of whether the subjects received the triclosan dentifrice or the control. The proportion of the cultivable flora resistant to triclosan was higher at baseline than at any other sample period. This study demonstrates that the extended use of the 03% triclosan/2% copolymer/fluoride dentifrice does not disrupt the normal microflora associated with supragingival plaque, favor the growth or colonization of periodontal or opportunistic pathogens, or promote the acquisition of

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The removal of supragingival calculus by scaling and polishing of the teeth is only one aspect of a dental prophylaxis. However in many countries, a large number of individuals only require and receive, at regular intervals, a supragingival scale and polish. The association of supragingival calculus to gingival and periodontal disease is unclear, however, it is logical to assume a plaque retention role. Moreover, for the individual, supragingival calculus may pose cosmetic problems. Regular calculus removal is both time consuming and exacting for dental professionals and has important financial implications to patients and/or health schemes. The benefits of regular supragingival calculus removal are not established, yet potential detrimental effects for the patient are known, and certain groups are susceptible to systemic disease consequent on scaling and polishing of the teeth. The oral hygiene habits of most individuals appear insufficient to prevent the reformation of supragingival calculus once removed and for this reason chemical inhibition is an attractive proposition. Most success to date has been with agents which inhibit crystal growth, notably pyrophosphates, and toothpaste products are available containing such agents. Clinical studies support efficacy for some products and indicate that the magnitude of calculus inhibition would reduce the need for or frequency of scaling and polishing of teeth in a proportion of individuals. Anticalculus toothpastes would appear to be proven worthy of recommendation for those individuals in whom supragingival calculus formation is a problem.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The efficacy of a new toothbrush filament layout concept (Topix, Peridental, France) was compared to that of a standard vertical‐tuft toothbrush. Bacterial and exogenous deposit elimination were used as parameters of efficacy. 30 dental surgery students look part in the study. Plaque index scores were calculated according to a pre‐defined protocol. Imprints of the 6 anterior teeth were taken before and after brushing with the 2 types of brushes, without toothpaste or rinsing, Imprints were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 12 h after brushing, imprint examination revealed bacterial flora polymorphism and the amount of dental plaque accumulated at the cervical third zone of teeth. Automated quantification in this zone of exogenous bodies showed that after brushing with vertical‐tuft and cross‐tuft brushes, there remained 1.26 mm2and 0.83 mm2of dental plaque, squamae, and blood residues, respectively. The plaque index values correlated to scanning electron microscopic observations. There was no significant difference in terms of efficacy between the cross‐tuft and vertical‐tuft t

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The clinical effects of subgingivally placed 1% chlorhexidine gel (w/w) and 40% tetracycline (w/w) paste in periodontal pockets of 22 adult periodontitis patients were studied. The 2 agents were applied following scaling and root planing in pockets exceeding 4 mm. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: (a) scaling and root planing (SCRP) only, the control group; (b) corsodyl gel + SCRP; (c) Tetracycline paste + SCRP. Gel or paste were gently applied using a syringe with a blunt needle until the selected pocket was overfilled. Evaluations were made of clinical parameters including the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding index (GI‐S), probing pocket depths, probing attachment levels and position of the gingival margin. The results suggested that all the treatment modalities were effective in producing statistically significant improvements in clinical parameters. It was concluded that the conventional treatment modalities were essential in the treatment of periodontal diseases, but in view of the structure of the periodontal pocket and adjacent complex root surface, subgingival drug application in certain cases, might also provide adjunctive improvemen

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This study evaluated the desorption of radiolabelled albumin from synthetic hydroxypatite by 4 commercial prebrushing solutions: Lysoplac (containing chlorhexidine), Plax (sodium benzoate), Acti‐Brush (triclosan), and Sanogyl (sodium fluoride). In 3 min, Lysoplac and Plax were found to desorb about 90% of albumin while Acti‐Brush and Sanogyl failed to desorb hardly any albumin in 15 min. The desorbing effectiveness of the test solutions was not due to their pH, because when buffer solution was being tested in different ionic strengths at pH range 6–8, it appeared to desorb less than 3% of adsorbed albumin, irrespective of the pH used. The results obtained cannot, however, be directly applied to the clinical situation where much more complex interactions occur than what were tested under the present in vitro condi

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Experimental mouthrinses containing 0.4% zinc sulphate and 0.15% triclosan were compared with a chlorhexidne and a negative control mouthrinse in a 3‐week clinical trial. The zinc/triclosan mouthrinses 1 and 2 differed in their ethanol and humectant contents used to deliver the triclosan. The experimental protocol employed the partial mouth gingivitis design, whereby participants wear a toothshield during toothbrushing. Gingival health at baseline was established by professional cleaning, oral hygiene instruction and effective toothbrushing 3 × per day during a pre‐experimental period of 2 weeks. The mouthrinses were subsequently used 2 × daily following normal toothbrushing during 3 weeks. The pre‐experimental oral hygiene phase very effectively reduced plaque levels and gingival bleeding. During the rinsing period, in the absence of mechanical removal of plaque from the protected teeth, gingival bleeding rose to above the prestudy level in the negative control group. The increments (change from baseline to 21 days) of plaque and bleeding scores for the zinc/triclosan mouthrinse 1 were significantly lower than those in the negative control group. As expected, plaque and gingivitis scores were lowest in the group that rinsed with chlorhexidine. The results extend previous observations on the efficacy of the zinc/triclosan system to maintain gingival

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY