摘要:

AbstractThe majority of tooth discolorations are extrinsic in nature and appear as brown integuments. Various clinical indices and photometric techniques have been used for the evaluation of extrinsic discolorations. Smoking, tea or coffee consumption and increasing age are promoting factors and such discolorations are frequently seen in connection with oral use of antibacterial plaque‐inhibiting mouthrinses. Chemical alteration of the acquired pellicle appears to be the major reason for these brown integument

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01916.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prime objective of screening is to detect disease at an earlier stage than would normally occur with people presenting with the disease, on the assumption that earlier treatment would alter the natural history of the disease in a significant proportion. However, before a screening survey is done a number of conditions should be fulfilled. The disease should be an important health problem; there should be effective and acceptable treatments available for those with the disease; the natural history of the disease should be adequately understood and there should be an agreed policy on whom to treat.Periodontal disease does not fulfil many of the requirements for a disease suitable for population screening. There is no reliable evidence that earlier detection alters the natural history of the disease or the survival and function of the teeth. Neither is there sufficient information on the importance of clinical signs of periodontal disease. We do not know whether screening tests are able to detect periodontal diesease which is likely to have an important impact on periodontal health. For example, is bleeding an important sign of destructive periodontal disease? Does gingivitis evidenced as redness progress to alveolar bone destruction? The lack of answers to these questions casts serious doubts on the accuracy of estimates of periodontal treatment needs which include all persons with a positive gingivitis score as needing treatment.A number of other gaps in our knowledge relating to periodontal disease are outlined. Because of these, it was concluded that screening for periodontal disease is not justified at present. Instead, research should be directed at answering questions about the natural history of periodontal diseases, the effectiveness of prevention and treatment, the significance of clinical signs of periodontal disease and the validity, sensitivity and specificity of the signs.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01917.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwelve adult patients with severe chronic periodontitis were examined prior to treatment, and after 8 and 25 weeks following tbe start of treatment. Six subjects received tetracycline during weeks 1 and 2 and weeks 7 and 8, while the other six did not. All subjects were instructed in oral hygiene and received a series of scaling and root planing treatments on one side only of their dentition. The contralateral side received no scalings at any time. The experiment was designed to provide clinical and microbiological data at the 0‐, 8‐ and 25‐week intervals for at least six sites in each of four groups, namely untreated sites (T0S0), sites which were scaled only (T0S1), sites which received tetracycline only (T1S0) and sites which were scaled and were exposed to tetracycline (T1S1). In addition, biopsies of initially diseased sites which had been treated or left untreated were evaluated by light and electron microscopy at all time intervals.The results indicated that T0S0sites remained more or less unchanged with respect to all parameters during the 25‐week period, with the exception of a decrease in PII scores due to improved oral hygiene. T0S1sites showed a marked clinical improvement between time 0 and 8 weeks, i.e. reduced PII and GI scores and reduced probing depth; the microbial flora showed an increase in the proportion of coccoid cells with a concomitant decrease in motile rods and spirochetes; the plasma cell‐dominated infiltrated connective tissue (ICT) showed a significant decrease in the proportion of plasma cells with a corresponding increase in lymphocytes; evidence of collagen deposition was also observed histologically. This 8‐week status persisted after 25 weeks, but in addition the tissues showed an increase in the proportion of fibrobiasts and a decrease in the proportion of lymphoblasts. T1S0sites showed a similar improvement in the clinical and microbiological parameters at 8 weeks, but tbe ICT showed only a moderate reduction in the proportion of dead and unidentified cells. After 25 weeks, tbe clinical parameters remained unchanged from the 8‐week interval, but the microbial composition and the tissue characteristics showed a significant rebound toward the values observed at baseline. T1S1sites showed essentially similar changes in the clinical, microbiological and tissue characteristics as the T0S1sites for all time intervals. However, in the presence of the antibiotic the 8‐week proportions of coccoid cells were higher and those for motile rods and spirocbetes lower. Evaluation of all biopsied sites revealed a positive correlation between the proportion of plasma cells in the ICT and the proportion of spirochetes in the associated microflora.The results suggest that the microflora of healthy and periodontally diseased sites differ and that some of these differences are associated with detectable differences in the composition of the ICT. Mechanical debridement and/or treatment with tetracycline cause changes in the clinical, microbiological and histological parameters. Discontinuation of treatment with tetracycline leads to a return of the microbial and histological parameters toward values observed prior to treatment. These changes appear prior to detectable c

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01918.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of povidone iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate with buffered peroxyborate in the treatment of acute ulcerative gingivitis. After 20 patients had entered the trial and 11 had required additional therapy with metronidazole to control their symptoms, the study was terminated. Those patients receiving peroxyborate all showed a satisfactory improvement in clinical signs and symptoms. One patient each receiving povidone iodine or chlorhexidine reported a symptomatic improvement, although gingival ulceration was still apparent at 1 week. The remaining patients all required metronidazole therapy to control their symptoms. Povidone iodine and cblorhexidine gluconate therefore cannot be recommended for the treatment of acute ulcerative gingivitis.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01919.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence and incidence of periodontal bone loss during a 3‐year period was investigated in 373 English secondary school children aged initially 11‐12 years. Bone loss was diagnosed from standard radiographs obtained at the baseline and third year examinations of a caries prophylactic clinical trial in which the children were participating. The interproximal spaces mesial and distal to the first permanent molar teeth were examined: 18.5 % of subjects had evidence of bone loss at these sites at baseline and 44.0 % at third year. In 60 subjects who had all second premolars and first and second permanent molars fully erupted and present at both examinations, the prevalence of bone loss was 36.7 % at baseline and 68.3 % at third year. Those children who had bone loss recorded at both the initial and final examinations had evidence of significantly more bone destruction at the conclusion of the study than those in whom bone loss was recorded only at the final examination (P<0.0

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01920.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe bitewing radiographs of 1,731 English and Danish schoolchildren aged 13‐15 years were examined to assess the prevalence of chronic periodontitis. Only one child (0.06 %) was found to be affected in comparison with the high prevalence of 51.5 % reported by Hull et al. (1975). Minute qualitative changes in the radiographic appearance of the alveolar crest, or changes in the visual representation of the width of the periodontal ligament space are not reliable or valid criteria for assessing chronic periodontitis. Horizontal bone loss observed on radiographs, which can be accurately measured using the cemento‐enamel junction as a reference point, is a useful diagnostic criterion for the measurement of chronic periodonti

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01921.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY