摘要:

Abstract.Since the rôle of neurogenic inflammation in various pathological conditions is well‐established, we presume that it also has great importance in the development of several inflammatory processes in the oral mucosa. In the course of experimentally‐induced neurogenic inflammation of the oral mucosa in rats, vasodilation and plasma extravasation occur in the area supplied by unmyelinated capsaicin‐sensitive fibres. Upon activating these fibres in the oral mucosa, mediators such as histamine, substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) are released from the peripheral terminals of afferent nerves causing characteristic symptoms of neurogenic inflammation. By histochemical techniques, SP‐ and CGRP‐immunoreactive fibres have occurred in the area of the rat oral mucosa stimulated mostly in the free and attached gingiva around the molar teeth in the lower jaw. Capsaicin pretreatment performed neonatally or at adult age causes a loss of SP‐immunoreactive fibres and prevents the vaso‐dilatory responses, as well as the increase in vascular permeability elicited by the antidromic stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve. As the transection of inferior alveolar nerve decreased the extravasation of Evans blue on the ipsilateal side and did not affect the capsaicin‐induced enhancement in blood flow, we suggest that the two symptoms of the inflammation, i.e., the increased vascular permeability and decreased vascular resistance, should be produced by different mechanisms. The results of all the morphological and functional studies seem to confirm the possibility that there is an important neurogenic component of the inflammatory alterations caused by different mechanical and chemical stimuli in

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb02162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.2 strontium chloride hexahydrate‐containing dentifrices (SCH), similar except for their respective abrasive systems, diatomaceous earth or silica‐based, were compared for their effects on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation as part of a 2‐month randomised double‐blind parallel clinical study. No attempt was made to change the patients' oral hygiene prior to participation in the study. Plaque was assessed using the Silness&Löe index and the gingival condition by the Löe&Silness index GI. There was a slight and non‐significant increase in plaque accumulation at 2 weeks from baseline, but relatively negligible change thereafter, the effect being identical in both groups. Similarly, the gingival condition showed a slight index change from baseline, although it tended to be slightly higher in the diatomaceous earth group. The results do not support the conclusions of previous studies which indicated that SCH dentifrices increased plaque accumulation. Neither plaque accumulation nor gingival condition significantly changed from baseline levels during the course o

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb02163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The purpose of the present study was to examine and compare the different mineralized tissues that are found on and around the dental root following treatment of different periodontal pathosis. The material has been compiled from previously published experimental studies on periodontal therapies and trauma treatments. 4 distinctly different appearances of the mineralized tissue layers on the marginal dentin surfaces were described;new cementum, non‐attached bone‐like tissue, partly attached bone‐like tissueandankylosis preceded by root resorption.It was concluded that, healing in the periodontal/root interface following periodontal therapy may yield different mineralized tissues, depending on a number of host‐specific and external factors. The temporal pattern of such healing processes is schematically repr

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb02164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Delmopinol has been considered as a potential agent for the chemical control of plaque. The aims of these studies were to measure the effects of a 0.2% delmopinol hydrochloride mouthrinse on (1) plaque reformation and (2) salivary bacterial counts. Comparisons were made with a 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse and a placebo rinse. A group of 12 male volunteers took part in the plaque study which was of a double blind, randomised, 3 cell, cross‐over design. From a zero plaque baseline subjects rinsed, 2 × a day, under supervision, for 1 min with 10‐ml volumes of the allocated rinse. After 4 days, during which no other form of oral hygiene was performed, plaque was scored by area and index. Plaque results were significantly lower with chlorhexidine and delmopinol compared with control, and with chlorhexidine compared to delmopinol. Side‐effects with delmopinol were transient tingling and numbness of the tongue in some subjects. A 2nd group of 12 male volunteers received single, 1‐min rinses of the 3 formulations. Salivary bacterial counts were determined immediately before and up to 420 min after rinsing. Compared to the control rinse, chlorhexidine significantly reduced bacterial counts of 420 min. Delmopinol produced a small reduction in bacterial counts which was only significantly different from control at one time point. Delmopinol deserves further evaluation as a chemical plaque inhibitor, particularly when used as an adjunct to normal tooth

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb02165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The aim of the present investigation was to study the influence of an increased tooth mobility on the resistance offered by the periodontal tissues to probing. 6 beagle dogs were used. At the start of the experiment, the animals had clean teeth and normal gingival and periodontal conditions. In each dog, a device was installed in the lower left jaw quadrant to expose the third premolar (P3) to jiggling forces which would enhance the mobility of this “test” tooth. The contralateral tooth served as the non‐jiggled control. During the 3 months of experimentation, the teeth of the dogs were cleaned on a regular basis.Clinical examinations including tooth mobility measurements were performed on days 0 and 90. After the examination on Day 90, a probe was inserted in the buccal “pocket” of the mesial root of3P and P3. The probe was retained with composite. Biopsies including the test or control tooth with adjacent buccal periodontal tissues were harvested, fixed and decalcified. Each biopsy was divided in one mesial and one distal portion (root). The distal portion was embedded in Epon, sectioned and stained in PAS and toluidine blue, while the mesial portion, following probe removal was embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained in hematoxylin‐eosin. The sections were exposed to histometric and morphometric measurements. The findings demonstrated that tissue alterations which occur at mobile teeth may reduce the resistance offered by the periodontal tissues to clinical probing. Such alterations include (i) reduced height of the alveolar bone, (ii) reduced amount of collagen, and increased vascularity in the enlarged supracrestal connec

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb02166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of mechanical supragingival plaque control on the composition of the subgingival microflora in untreated 4‐6 mm deep periodontal pockets was investigated. 13 subjects with chronic periodontitis were recruited for the study. Periodontally‐diseased sites were subjected to professional plaque control 3 × weekly for a period of 3 weeks. Contralateral sites received no prophylaxis and served as controls. No instructions in oral hygiene procedures were given to the patients who maintained their habitual oral hygiene regime during the observation period. Clinical examination and darkfield microscopic analysis of bacterial samples were performed every week. The PII scores for the experimental sites were reduced markedly, while those for the control sites remained stable throughout the observation period. No changes in the other clinical parameters were detected during the study. The composition of the subgingival microflora at the control sites did not change during the experimental period. In contrast, at the test sites, the proportion of spirochetes + motile rods decreased continuously. This decrease reached statistical significance at the end of the experiment. The results indicate that at periodontally diseased sites with an established subgingival ecosystem, supragingival plaque removal may influence the composition of the subgingival microf

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb02167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The present study evaluated clinically and radiographically the short‐term results of the healing of infrabony defects at maxillary premolars treated according to guided tissue regeneration (GTR). 9 patients with bilateral presence of infrabony defects with or without furcation involvements at maxillary premolars were selected. Atbaselineassessments of plaque and gingival indices, bleeding, probing pocket depth and attachment level, and furcation measurements were recorded. Conventional radiographs were obtained in a way that assured a reproducible projection geometry. One premolar was randomly treated with GTR and the contralateral with open debridement. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed again 6 months postoperatively. The bone tissue changes were assessed by means of conventional radiographs and subtraction images. Sites treated by both procedures demonstrated an improvement of gingival conditions and a reduction of pocket depths. A statistically significant attachment gain was obtained for the test (mean 1.2 mm), but not for the control sites (mean 0.6 mm). The differences, though, were not significant between the test and control sites. Limited improvement in furcation closure was recorded. The radiographic examination demonstrated loss of bone tissue in four sites treated with GTR. The findings suggest that the regeneration of the periodontal soft and bone tissues was not significantly enhanced with the GTR therap

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb02168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The purpose of this study was to assess quantified measures of intrafamily patterns of influence on interdental cleaning behavior based on a conceptual model of family influences on health behavior. Data stemmed from the Norwegian National Health Survey 1985, comprising 295 two‐parent families with 2 children above 6 years of age. Analyses were performed with the family as the sampling unit. Logistic regression analyses were applied. The results showed that there were statistically significant associations of interdental cleaning behavior among all pairs of family members, the strongest association being between siblings (OR = 36.6). The multivariate analyses of interdental cleaning behavior of the children showed that the strongest explanatory factor was the interdental cleaning behavior of the mother(OR = 2.4).Thus, the mother seems to play an important role in the formation and maintenance of the elder child's interdental cleaning behavior. The highly correlated interdental cleaning behavior of the 2 siblings could be explained by correlated measurement errors as well as equity in rules and parental control and reinforcement of the behavior, in addition to substantive influential effect of the elder sibling's interdental cleaning behavior on that of the younger siblin

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb02169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.10 studies comparing periodontal treatment modalities were re‐examined to see if they had adequate power to detect true differences. Attachment level (AL) and pocket depth (PD) were the 2 variables assessed. A statistical test's power refers to its probability of detecting a significant sample difference in treatment means, given a predetermined value for α (level of significance), Δ (a clinically meaningful underlying difference), and the sample size. Studies were included that stratified their data by initial pocket depths, reported sample size, and lasted at least 6 months. Power calculations were done for 173 treatment comparisons, using Δ‐0.5 mm and α= 0.05. For shallow pockets (1‐3 mm), most studies had a strong chance of detecting true differences (median power = 83%). For moderate pockets (4‐6 mm), median power dropped to 38%. However, median power dropped to 14% for deep pockets (>6 mm), with 75% of the tests having less than a 20% chance of detecting a 0.5 mm difference. Many of the modalities reported as “not significantly different” from each other have not had a fair trial, especially for deep pockets. In order to improve a study's power, 4 factors are discussed: the number of compared treatments, the expected noise or random error, the patient sample size, and the average number of sites per patient for each pocket

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb02170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Designs exist for crossover studies in which the possibility of distortion by carryover effects is minimised. A novel design including 5 treatments and 15 subjects with this property is presented, along with existing designs. These designs incorporating balance for carryover effects should be used in preference to cyclical permutation designs. Statistical analysis of the resulting data is readily performed.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb02171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY