摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies indicate that triclosan reduces the pain and other symptoms after chemically‐induced inflammation in the oral mucosa and skin when sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is used as an irritant. The aim of the present study was to examine whether triclosan has an effect on the inflammation in human skin caused by intradermal administration of histamine. 9 female volunteers participated in a double‐blind study, and skin patch tests were performed in 2 series. In the 1st, the skin was pre‐treated for 1h with triclosan before the histamine was applied. In the 2nd, the histamine reaction was elicited first and triclosan applied subsequently. The effect of triclosan on the weals formed in the skin after histamine application was measured. It was found that triclosan reduced the size of the weals markedly when triclosan was applied after the weals were formed, and that pre‐treatment of the skin had only a slight effect. It is assumed that triclosan has an effect on the cascade reactions of inflammation elicited by histamine. 2 other phenols tested in the same study had similar

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo assess the clinical efficacy of adjunctive supragingival irrigation with buffered 0.3% acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 60 patients with periodontitis receiving supportive periodontal therapy were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 home regimens: (1)1 × daily adjunctive supragingival irrigation with 300 ml water immediately followed by 200 ml of buffered 0.3% ASA; (2) 1 × daily adjunctive supragingival irrigation with 500 ml water; or (3) normal oral hygiene alone. Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and 6 months. Irrigator use was measured by timers built into the irrigator units. Results at 6 months showed that both supragingival irrigation with buffered 0.3% ASA and supragingival irrigation with water significantly reduced gingival index scores (median 0.1 and 0.35, respectively) and pocket probing depths (both median 0.26 mm) compared to the control group. In addition, irrigation with water resulted in a significant reduction in bleeding on probing (median 0.13), whereas irrigation with buffered 0.3% ASA had no significant effect on bleeding on probing compared to the control group. The clinical efficacy of irrigation with either ASA or water was found to be positively correlated to initial disease severity and irrigator use. Thus, frequent supragingival irrigation with either 0.3% ASA or water in addition to regular oral hygiene appears to be a beneficial adjunct to periodontal supportive therapy in patients with moderate to severe signs of periodontitis. However, the use of buffered 0.3% ASA as an irrigant does not seem to enhance the clinical efficacy of supragingival irrigation on periodontal healt

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious work has shown that a 25‐30% citric acid solution was the most effective concentration with which to demineralize dentin. The purpose of this investigation was to study the topography, using a scanning electron microscope, of root surfaces treated with a 30% citric acid solution using various application pressures. 20 freshly extracted human teeth were collected and stored in physiologic saline at room temperature. 3 root specimens, approximately 3×5×5 mm in size, were prepared from the coronal periodontally healthy area of each tooth. 30 specimens were root planed to expose dentin (dentin group) while the remaining 30 specimens were lightly scaled to remove periodontal soft tissue (cementum group). A freshly made 30% citric acid (CA) solution, (pH = 1.60), was applied to each of the experimental areas. Cotton pellets soaked in the citric acid solution were either placed (CAP), lightly rubbed (CAR) or heavily burnished (CAB) on the prepared root surface for 3 min. Pellets were resoaked every 30 s. The root sections were rinsed, fixed in glutaraldehyde, dehydrated in graded ethanol, critically point dried in liquid CO2and sputter coated in gold. The treated surfaces were assessed for fibril tufting using scanning electron microscopy. Assessment was made of: (i) the % of surface area tufted; (ii) tufting depth (0–3); (iii) tufting density (1–3). Results of the study showed significantly more tufted surface area and greater tufting depth on both dentin and cementum for CAR and CAB compared to CAP. CAP produced a flat/mat fibril surface with no evidence of tufting. The % of surface area tufted, tufting depth and tufting density were similar for both the CAR and CAB groups for each surface treated. The biological significance of these results is di

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine whether triclosan has an effect on developing gingival inflammation. 10 volunteers, with clinically healthy gingivae were enrolled. The study was performed as a 2‐week, double‐blind, crossover, experimental gingivitis trial. Between each plaque accumulation period, there was a wash‐out phase of 4 weeks. A baseline examination was performed which included assessment of plaque and gingivitis. The volunteers were asked to refrain from mechanical oral hygiene measures for 2 weeks. During this period, they rinsed 2× daily with one of the randomly assigned mouthrinse preparations. Solution A (period A): 0.06% triclosan + 2%tween 80.Solution B (period B): 0.06% triclosan +0.25% sodium lauryl sulphate.Re‐examinations were performed on days 4, 7, 11 and 14. The mean plaque score increased during period A to 2.2 (day 4), 2.8 (day 7), 3.1 (day 11) and 3.1 (day 14). The corresponding scores for period B were significantly lower; 1.2 (day 4), 1.8 (day 7), 2.0 (day 11) and 2.2 (day 14). The mean gingivitis scores at baseline were 0.17 (periods A and B). The mean gingivitis scores increased to 0.45 (day 4), 0.69 (day 7), 0.83 (day 11) and 0.96 (day 14) when the subjects rinsed with solution A and 0.42 (day 4), 0.64 (day 7), 0.78 (day 11) and 0.92 (day 14) in period B. There were no statistically significant differences between periods A and B with respect to gingivitis. Thus, although significantly more plaque formed during period A than period B, no differences could be found between the gingivitis scores in the 2

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe subgingival microflora and serum antibody response were examined in long‐duration insulin‐dependent diabetics and age‐ and sex‐matched non‐diabetics. The material consisted of 9 diabetics aged 40–9 years and 19 aged 50–59 years, 13 non‐diabetics aged 40–49 years and 21 aged 50–59 years. The bacterial species studied (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Capnocytophagaspp,Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Por‐phyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia) were recovered in diabetics as well as in non‐diabetics. Significantly more diabetics in both age groups harbouredP. gingivaliscompared to non‐diabetics. Prevalence ofP. gingivaliswas associated with deepened periodontal pockets among non‐diabetics but not among diabetics. In diabetics and non‐diabetics, the serum antibody litres f

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present investigation was to examine whether the immediate necrotizing effects of low pH etching agents also impair periodontal healing in the long‐term perspective. It was concluded that long‐time etching (3 min) at low pH of root surfaces surrounded by vital periodontal tissues resulted in impaired periodontal healing. In contrast, short‐time etching appeared to promote connective tissue formation by preventing epithelialization of the periodontal wound despite its low pH. However, clinical inferences should be drawn with caution from the present results, since healing results recorded at 8 weeks may not prove to be stable, especially for those cases sensitive to the immediate influence of marginal infection such as connective tissue attachments and epithelial junctions, unless optimal oral hygiene is maintained. Furthermore, the choice of acid may be of impor

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate possible immediate necrotizing effects on periodontal tissues of etching agents operating either at low or neutral pH. Phosphoric and citric acids, both of which operate at low pH, exerted immediate (within 20 s) necrotizing effects on both mucosal flaps and periodontal tissues. The penetration depth increased with time up to 1/4 of the circumference of the root after 3 min. This was in sharp contrast to EDTA which operates at neutral pH. EDTA failed to induce any detectable necrosis during the experimental periods. Whether or not the immediate necrotizing effects of low pH etching agents also impair periodontal healing in the long‐term perspective, needs to be evaluated with controlled experimental studies in vivo as well as clinically in order to determine whether etching at neutral pH is preferabl

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study determined the microbial composition of the apical parts of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane surfaces facing the gingiva and the tooth in guided tissue regeneration. Microbial and clinical features of 2‐to‐3 wall periodontal bony defects treated with membranes with and without concomitant use of systemic Augmentin® therapy were also determined. 18 patients with 18 study sites participated. 9 patients received systemic 500 mg Augmentin 1 h prior to surgery, and 500 mg TID for 8 days thereafter. 9 patients received no systemic antimicrobial therapy. Microbiological examination was performed 1 h prior to surgery, at the time of membrane removal at week 6, and at 6 months post‐surgery. Microbial morphotypes, total viable counts, and the occurrence of selected microbial species were determined by phase‐contrast microscopy, selective and non‐selective culture, and DNA probes. Study sites were examined for probing pocket depths and attachment levels. At baseline, no microbial or clinical parameter showed statistical differences between groups. At 6 months, the Augmentin group demonstrated a significantly higher (P=0.032; Studentt‐test) mean probing attachment gain (36.5% of potential gain to the cemento‐enamel junction) than the 9 control patients (22.4% of potential gain). At the time of removal, membranes in the Augmentin group showed significantly fewer organisms than membranes in the control group (52.2×106versus 488.6×106). Sites free of pathogens on the membrane surface toward the tooth gained the most clinical attachment, even in the presence of various pathogens on the gingiva‐facing membrane surface. Sites with little or no attachment gain demonstrated several periodontal pathogens on both sides of the barrier membrane. The present findings underscore the importance of controlling microbial pathogens in guided tissue regeneration procedures. Pathogens on the tooth‐facing surface of the membrane, in particular, seemed to be a critical determinant on the outcome of guided tissue regeneration and appear essential to control to ob

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present experiment in the Labrador dog was performed to study tissue alterations that occurred in a peri‐implantitis lesion following ligature removal. The study was carried out in 5, 1‐year old Labrador dogs. The mandibular right and left 1st molars and 4th and 3rd premolars were extracted to establish recipient sites for implants. After 3 months of healing, 4 titanium fixtures, 2 in each jaw quadrant, were installed and abutment connection carried out in a 2nd stage procedure after another 3 months. After a 6‐month period of healing, cotton floss ligatures were placed in a submarginal position around the neck of the fixture abutments. The ligatures were forced into a position “apical” of the margin of the peri‐implant mucosa and secured. When the tissue destruction after 4–6 weeks was found to amount to about 25% of the original bone height at each individual implant, the ligatures were removed. 2 dogs were sacrified 1 month and 3 dogs 3 months after ligature removal. The animals were perfused with a fixative and block biopsies were obtained from the implant sites. The biopsies were prepared for histometric and morphometric analyses. The results from the clinical examinations and the microscopic analyses of the peri‐implant tissues revealed that: (i) 1 month after ligature removal, an active, destructive inflammatory lesion was present in the soft and mineralized tissues adjacent the implants; while (ii) 2 months later, this lesion at most implant sites had become resting and encapsulated, was confined to the connective tissue adjacent to a pocket epithelium, and was separated from the bone surface by a dense collar of fibrous connective tissue. In 1 of the 3 dogs that were monitored for 3 months, however, 3 out of the 4 implants installed exhibited continued loss of bone, became unstable and were lost between the 10‐ and 12‐week examination interval. The remaining peri‐implant tissue at the 4th and remaining implant in this animal was found to harbor an active lesion that involved osteoclastic activity on the surf

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTriclosan (2,4,4′,‐trichloro‐2′‐hydroxydiphenylether) is a well‐known and widely used nonionic antibacterial agent which has recently been introduced in toothpastes and mouthrinses. The efficacy of triclosan‐containing toothpaste and mouthrinse to reduce both plaque and gingivitis in long‐term clinical trials has been well documented. Until recently, it was generally assumed that triclosan's effect on gingival inflammation was due to its antimicrobial and anti‐plaque effect. It has now become apparent that triclosan may have a direct anti‐inflammatory effect on the gingival tissues. Several in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of triclosan on 4 primary enzymes of the pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, cyclo‐oxygenase 1, cyclo–oxygenase 2, 5‐lipoxygenase and 15‐lipoxygenase. These pathways lead to the production of known mediators of inflammation such as the prostaglandins, leukotrienes and lipoxins. Triclosan inhibited both cyclooxygenase 1 and cyclo‐oxygenase 2 with IC–50 values of 43 μM and 227 μM, respectively. Triclosan also inhibited 5–lipoxygenase with an IC‐50 of 43 μM. The 15‐lipoxygenase was similarly inhibited by triclosan with an IC‐50 of 61 μM. Hence, triclosan has the ability to inhibit both the cyclo‐oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism with similar efficacy. In cell culture experiments, it was found that triclosan inhibited IL‐1β induced prostaglandin E2production by human gingival fibroblasts in a concentration dependent manner, and at relatively low concentrations. These data, taken together, indicate that triclosan can inhibit formation of several important mediators of gingival inflammation. The data further suggest that the necessary triclosan concentrations could probably be achieved in local tissues, such as the gingiva, from topical applications o

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY