摘要:

AbstractAccurate detection of changes in alveolar bone height requires radio‐graphic measuring methods with a reliability of standard deviation (SD) of 0.15 mm or better. No periodontal digital imaging system has reached this reliability, although 3 analogue methods have achieved this goal. However, existing linear methods are time‐consuming, difficult to use. unsuitable for measuring all possible (unsharp) anatomical sites and do not provide a confidence estimate for sites of change observed in serial standardized films. A rapid computer‐assisted method using stored image regions of interest (ROI) has been developed which allows retest measurements for all possible sites and automatically calculates a 90%. 95%. 98% or 99% confidence threshold value, derived from duplicate measurement variation, for sites of apparent crest height change. 28 examiners, with minimal training in operating the system, measured 14 different cement‐enamel junction to crest height distances from a standard bitewing image, with and without the ROI method. The measurements were repeated 4 weeks later. 13/14 sites achieved an intra‐examiner SD threshold of<0.15 mm with the ROI method but 0/14 without. A higher inter‐examiner SD threshold of<0.22 mm was achieved for 13/14 sites using ROI and 0/14 without (p<0.001). The measurement of crest height changes in a region of previous severe vertical bone loss is demonstrated using serial films. The potential for using trabecular bone patterns as reference sites in regions where traditional measurement points are absent is demonstrated. A possible method for investigating the validity of comparing serial films, with regard to irradiation geometry changes, is shown using measurements of approximal surf

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01154.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect on healing of fast and slow absorbable Tisseel in combination with periodontal flap surgery. Mucoperiosteal flaps were raised on the buccal aspect of maxillary premolars and mandibular premolars and first molars in 4 beagle dogs. The underlying buccal, interproximal and interradicular bone was then removed to a level of approximately 5 mm apically to the original bone crest and halfway into the interdental spaces and bifurcations. The exposed root surfaces were curetted in order to remove the periodontal ligament tissue, and a notch was made in the root surface at the base of the defects. On the control teeth, the flaps were sutured immediately after creation of the defects, while on the test teeth, a layer of fast (group I) or slow (group II) absorbable Tisseel® was applied between the curetted roots and the subsurface of the flaps prior to suturing. Postoperatively. the teeth were brushed 2 × weekly. The dogs were sacrificed after 4 months. Histological analysis revealed that the amounts of new attachment and bone regrowth were similar in the test and control groups, although the results tended to be most favorable for the group of teeth treated with fast absorbable Tisseel® (Group

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01155.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of ultrasonic and sonic sealers on the subgingival microflora were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro investigation, 27 plaque samples collected from periodontal pockets were submitted to ultrasonic and sonic vibrations for 10, 30 and 60 s. Bacterial suspensions were examined by dark‐field microscopy to detect qualitative changes and cultured to evaluate the total number of cultivable bacteria. Microscopic counts following both instrumentations showed a decrease in the proportions of spirochetes and motile rods and an increase in the % of coccoids and rods. The changes were directly related to the time‐period of instrumentation. Comparison between both types of instrumentation showed significant differences and more pronounced changes were observed with the ultrasonic than the sonic sealer. Spirochetes and motile rods were reduced to approximately 0.1% after ultrasonic treatment versus 24.7% after sonic instrumentation. Cultural observations showed a marked increase in total number of colony‐forming units following both treatments. The clinical investigation included 66 periodontal pockets which were instrumented subgingivally for 10 and 30 s with ultrasonic or sonic sealers. Qualitative changes were similar to those observed in vitro, i.e., reduction in spirochete and motile rod counts as well as the other morphotypes with an increase in coccoid cells. Total counts of bacteria were reduced following debridement. No difference in the microscopic or cultural data was found between ultrasonic and sonic instrument

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe oral hygiene of habitual chewing stick and toothbrush users who participated in an oral health education (OHE) programme in schools was evaluated. The study comprised all chewing stick users (n=45) in standard 4 in 8 randomly selected experimental schools and all chewing stick users (n=17) in standard 4 in 4 randomly selected control schools. Each chewing stick user was randomly matched with a toothbrush user of the same sex, age and school. Their ages ranged from 10 to 13 years with a mean of 11.5 years. The children in standard 4 of the 8 experimental schools received OHE. Among many topics aiming to improve oral health of children, the practice of systematic brushing was taught. The children practised weekly brushing sessions in schools under the supervision of instructed teachers. At baseline, the chewing stick users exhibited statistically significant more plaque, but their gingival condition was comparable with their matched toothbrush counter‐pans. After 3 months, the chewing stick and the toothbrush users in the experimental schools, had reduced their plaque and gingival bleeding scores significantly to the same extent, whereas no substantial changes in oral hygiene occurred in the control group. The findings show that schoolchildren who participated in a school programme that emphasizes effective toothbrushing were able to improve their oral hygiene regardless of whether they were habitual chewing stick or toothbrush user

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sampling was performed on 2 occasions separated by 1 year, at 2 sites in the mouths of 102 male adolescents, mean age 17.85 years. Samples were collected onto 5 filter paper strips which were sequentially applied to the mouth of the crevice over a 9‐min collection period. Volume and flow rates of GCF were determined for each site and were compared with clinical measurements of plaque, gingival colour, bleeding, gingival index (GI) and pocket depth, using a general linear models (GLM) procedure. While the initial volume of GCF showed no association with any clinical measurement, there was an association between flow rate of GCF and gingival colour. The volume of GCF collected in the final. 5th sample was associated with the GI. The sample site strongly influenced all measures of GCF volume. It is proposed that the flow rate of GCF may be a better indicator of gingival inflammation than the more imprecise clinical assessments of inflammation, since GCF flow rates more precisely reflect changes in tissue permeability. The association between the final sample, collected after 9 min, and clinical measurements, was probably a reflection of the association between clinically‐detectable inflammation and the susceptibility of the site to mild irritat

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA previous study demonstrated that the bleeding on probing (BOP) test using uncontrolled forces may result in a proportion of false positive readings when used as a parameter for inflammation. A strong possibility exists for the traumatization of clinically healthy gingival tissues if a probing force exceeding 0.25 N is applied. While these results originated form young dental hygienists exhibiting excellent oral hygiene, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between probing pressures and gingival conditions in patients with a history of treated periodontal disease, i.e., in situations with a reduced but healthy periodontium. 10 patients who had been enrolled in a periodontal maintenance program following treatment of moderate to advanced chronic inflammatory periodontal disease consented to participate in the study. They were all selected on the basis of a record of excellent oral hygiene practices for at least 2–6 years and almost complete absence of clinical inflammation following sucessful periodontal therapy. Applying a probing force of 0.125, 0.25, 0.375 and 0.5 N in the 4 jaw quadrants, respectively, at 2 different occasions with an interval of 10 days, bleeding on probing was assessed. Oral hygiene and gingival conditions were determined using the criteria of the plaque and gingival index systems. All subjects showed significant increases in mean BOP% with increasing probing force applied (2.5%‐7.9%). Regression analysis revealed an almost linear correlation and a significant correlation coefficient between BOP % and probing force. Almost identical slope inclinations were found when the 6 subjects with the lowest mean BOP % at 0.25 N were compared with the regression analysis of the total group. The results of the present study support the findings of the previous study in healthy dental hygiene students with normal gingival anatomy, namely that the BOP test using uncontrolled forces may result in a proportion of false positive readings for the presence of gingival inflammation. A strong possibility also exists for the traumatization of clinically healthy gingival tissues with reduced support if probing forces exceeding 0.25 N are appl

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01159.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIrradiated glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked human collagen membrane was evaluated for its effects on new attachment formation in clinical trials, using the principle of guided tissue regeneration (GTR). 19 adult periodonthis patients with 52 matched bilateral periodontal defects received scaling and polishing with oral hygiene instruction. The bilateral periodontal defects were treated by reflecting a flap with collagen membrane (test) or flap reflection alone (control). Plaque (PII) and gingival index (GI) scorings, probing pocket depth (PPD) and probing attachment level (PAL) along with classification of furcation involvement (FI) and bony defects were made at pre‐ and post surgery (6 weeks, 3 and 6 months!. Improvement of PII and GI scores was seen in both test and control sites following the surgical therapy. Reductions in PPD and PAL were significantly (p<0.001) more pronounced at 6 months in the test sites compared to the controls. The 2 Class I furcations in the graft‐treated teeth showed complete resolution, while the corresponding furcations in the control teeth showed incomplete closure. The use of human collagen membrane based on the GTR technique for treatment of human periodontal defects provided greater gain of clinical attachment than when flap surgery‐ alone was und

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01160.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case referent study was performed to identify factors connected with loss of buccal attachment in adolescents. The study group was identified among 18‐year‐olds who had participated 2 years earlier in a study of periodontal conditions in adolescents. The criterion for inclusion in the case group was buccal attachment loss (≥ 1 mm) in one or more sites. Information on 28 variables, identified earlier as being related to recessions, was collected in a clinical examination, interview and observation. The referent group consisted of 66 subjects and the case group of 71 subjects. The case group comprised 2 subgroups, one identified as having buccal attachment loss in 1987 and the other with attachment loss occurring in the years 1987–89. Statistical analyses, using the 71 test, logistic regression and a variance component model, were performed to detect factors related to buccal attachment loss. These factors were thin alveolar tissue, narrow width of the attached gingiva and presence of teeth with buccal displacement. The results indicate that the anatomy of the buccal alveolar process is related to the presence of buccal attachment loss in populations with a high level of oral hygiene. To evaluate the importance of possible risk factors or etiological factors for development of buccal loss of tooth support, prospective epidemiological or experimental studies are

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01161.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been suggested that periodontitis and systemic bone mass might be related. In order to evaluate this possible relationship, we performed an intra‐oral examination and measured lumbar bone mineral density (lumbar BMD) and metacarpal cortical thickness (MCT) in 286 female volunteers between 46 and 55 years of age. In addition, the alveolar bone height was measured on bite wing radiographs of the dentate subjects. Of the subjects,n=60 (21%) were edentulous. Compared to the dentate subjects, the lumbar BMD and MCT of the edentulous women were not significantly different. In the dentate subjects, no significant correlation was observed between the clinical parameters of periodontitis (mean probing depth, occurrence of bleeding after probing and number of missing teeth) and the bone mass parameters (lumbar BMD and MCT); nor was a significant relation observed between the bone mass measurements and alveolar bone height. We therefore suggest that systemic bone mass is not an important factor in the pathogenesis of periodontiti

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to compare the short‐term results of gingivectomy (GV) and modified Widman flap (MWF) surgery in the treatment of infrabony defects. 14 patients with 68 bilateral infrabony defects were selected. A1 baseline, and 3 and 6 months postoperatively. assessments of oral hygiene, gingival conditions, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and attachment level, were recorded. Conventional radiograps were obtained in a way that assured a reproducible projection geometry. In a split‐mouth design, one jaw quadrant was randomly treated with GV. while the contralateral with a MWF. The changes of the bone tissue were assessed by means of conventional and subtraction images by 2 observers. The interobserver agreement of the conventional and subtraction technique was studied. The majority of the sites demonstrated a significant improvement in gingival conditions and a reduction in bleeding. For both treatments, probing depths were reduced by an average of 3 mm. while a mean of 1.22–1.35 mm of probing attachment gain was obtained. The GV resulted in slightly more gingival recession (1.90 mm) than the MWF (1.60 mm). The radiographic examination demonstrated gain of bone in 7 defects treated with GV and in 9 defects treated with MWF. This study demonstrated that pockets associated with infrabony defects can be successfully treated by both treatment modalities. Furthermore, bone gain can occur after treatment but not in a predictable m

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY