摘要:

AbstractCirculating antibody levels to four strains ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)were determined by means of an indirect immunofluorescent technique in three groups of 21 subjects each, including one with juvenile periodontitis (JP), one with chronic periodontitis (CP) and one free of periodontal disease (N). Mean levels of antibody toAawere significantly elevated in the JP group as compared to the CP and N groups with respect to strains Y4, 29522 and 29524, but not strain 29523. Since strains Y4, 29522 and 29524 contain a leukotoxin that is missing from strain 29523, the results suggest that the leukotoxin could account for the difference in the immune response among the three groups of subjects. Varying the end‐point considered to represent positive fluorescence did not significantly affect the results, although discrimination among the three groups appeared to be somewhat better at lower intensities of fluorescence. Because of wide variations in antibody titers recorded in individual subjects, elevated levels of antibody to certain strains ofAamay not be useful as a primary diagnostic test for JP, but may be of value in confirming an otherwise uncertain clinical diagnosi

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe need for improved oral cleanliness in adults presents a large scale resource requirement for professional manpower if oral hygiene instruction is to be accomplished conventionally on an individual basis at the chairside. Therefore a self‐instructional manual in oral hygiene measures, to be used by the patients at home, has been designed. The effect on oral hygiene of periodontal patients following instruction by means of this manual has been compared with the effect of one instruction carried out by a dental hygienist as well as with the effect of minimal instruction by the aid of a short brochure. Thirty‐seven patients (25–64 years of age) were allocated to three groups matched with regard to baseline scares of dento‐gingival plaque, age and sex. Presence of disclosed dento‐gingival plaque (Plak‐lite®) and gingival bleeding on probing were recorded at the start, 1,2 and 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months. Toothbrushing performance of the patients was evaluated at each visit by a “brushing test”. The treatment of all the patients consisted of scaling and polishing of the teeth at the start and after 3 months as well as the patients being supplied with the necessary oral hygiene aids including a lighted mouth mirror, a toothbrush, toothpicks and disclosing tablets. The baseline mean plaque and bleeding scores of 64 and 40% decreased during the first 6 weeks to a level of 20 and 14%. This improvement was maintained during the 6‐month study period. Among the three groups no significant differences were observed in oral hygiene and gingival health. The results indicate that an oral hygiene instructional mode relatively independent of professional manpower may be equally effective as one single personal instruction. Furthermore the results suggest that factors other than the instruction per sc are important for obtaining improvements

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present investigation was to study the topographical distribution of plaque formation using chlorhexidine digluconate (CH) as a mouthrinse and in oral irrigators during experimental gingivitis.Forty dental students (aged 22–26) with clean teeth and healthy gingivae abolished oral hygiene oral period of 3 weeks (Löe et al. 1965). During this period the participants were randomly assigned to one of five groups, Group A rinsed daily with 30 ml of a placebo and Group B with 30 ml 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate. In Groups C and E a fractionated jet irrigator was used for the daily application of 600 ml placebo (C) or O.05% CH (E); 600 ml of 0.05% CH was also used in a monojet irrigator (Group D). At the start, after 1, 2 and 3 weeks of no oral hygiene and 1 week following reinstituted oral hygiene, plaque was assessed using the Plaque Index (Silness&. Löe 1964) and gingival health was scored according to the criteria of the Gingival Index (Löe&Silness 1963). The discoloration of the teeth was determined using a set of color photos.During the experiment all groups reached plaque levels that were significantly different from each other. The highest PII were seen in the placebo rinsing group (A) followed by placebo irrigation (C). Plaque was significantly reduced in the CH groups. However, rinsing (B) formed significantly more plaque than using the oral irrigator (D, E). Group E showed the least amount of plaque. In addition, the interproximal PII were equally low as the buccal and lingual. With CH (B, D, E), gingivitis did not develop except for some interproximals in Group B. A fractionated jet irrigator was more effective for the application of CH than rin

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChlorhexidine digluconate for chemical plaque control was tested in different concentrations using a fractionated jet oral irrigator. The inhibition of plaque formation and the prevention of gingival inflammation were evaluated in a double‐blind study. During a 10‐day period of abstinence from any mechanical oral hygiene procedures, the pattern of plaque formation and gingivitis development under the influence of chemical plaque control was analyzed. As a positive control, one group rinsed twice daily with 30 ml of a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution while a group applying 600 ml of a placebo solution served as a negative control.Forty dental students and assistants with plaque‐free dentitions and healthy gingival tissues were divided into four groups. After a 10‐day period of no oral hygiene, a recovery period of 11 days with perfect oral hygiene was again instituted. This experiment was repealed three times so that a total of 10 concentrations in the irrigator, the control rinsing and the placebo control could be evaluated. Daily application of 600 ml of a 0.001%(6 mg), 0.0033% (20 mg), 0.005% (30mg), 0.01% (60 mg), 0.02% (120 mg), 0.05% (300 mg) and 0.1% (600 mg) and 400 ml of a 0.015 % (60 mg), twice 400 ml of a 0.015% (120 mg) and 400 ml of a 0.02% (SO mg) solution of chlorhexidine was tested. At the start of each experimental period (day 0), after 3, 7 and 10 days and 11 days following reassuming oral hygiene procedures, the plaque accumulations were determined using the Plaque Index System (Silness&Löe 1964) and the development of gingivitis was evaluated according to the criteria of the Gingival Index System (Löe&Silness 1963).The results suggested that one daily irrigator application of 400 ml of a 0.02 % chlorhexidine solution was the optimal and lowest concentration and dose to be used for complete inhibition of dent

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe antimicrobial effect of stannous fluoride (SnF2) on suspected pathogenic morphotypes of bacterial plaque in chronic periodontal disease was assessed. Alterations in morphological groups of subgingival and supragingival plaque bacteria from three diseased sites and one periodontally healthy site were, determined by darkfield microscopy in 10 male patients with advanced periodontitis. In addition, clinical indices were also measured. The three diseased sites received either 1.64% SnF2, 0.4% SnF2or sterile saline by subgingival irrigation. The healthy site received sterile saline only. The patients were seen weekly over a 10‐week period and at each appointment bacterial sampling and clinical indices were measured. Results indicated that 1.64% SnF2caused a dramatic and sustained decrease of subgingival motile bacteria and spirochetes following irrigation. By the sixth week these bacteria returned to 50% of their original concentration. Bleeding index scores, which were significantly reduced, correlated positively to the reduction in motile bacteria and spirochetes. Sites irrigated with 0.4% SnF2also demonstrated a similar pattern of reduction of motile bacteria and spirochetes but without their total elimination and a more rapid return to original levels. In the diseased sites receiving sterile saline there was a decrease in motile bacteria and spirochetes, corresponding with saline irrigation, which rapidly returned to baseline levels. The healthy control sites were unchanged. Supragingival plaque index scores did not correlate with the bleeding index, motile bacteria and spirochetes, or with subgingival irrigatio

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA blind crossover trial was carried out to compare the effects of a 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse and a 0.035% alexidine mouthrinse on plaque accumulation and salivary bacteria in a group of volunteers. The subjects refrained from all forms of oral hygiene during two 10‐day periods and rinsed twice a day with the mouthwash randomly allocated to the respective period. Prerinse, day 4 and day 10 total salivary aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts were determined during each period. Plaque scores were recorded at the end of each 10‐day period. Significantly more plaque accumulated in subjects rinsing with alexidine when compared with chlorhexidine. Significant and comparable reductions in salivary bacterial counts were observed with both chlorhexidine and alexidine on day 4 and day 10 when compared with pre‐rinse counts. Although at the concentrations used alexidine was less effective than chlorhexidine, it may be of value as a short‐term adjunct to oral

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02032.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA blind cross‐over trial was carried out to compare the tooth and tongue staining associated with the use of a 0.035% alexidine and a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse. Twenty‐two volunteers were divided into two groups termed “tea drinkers” and “non‐tea drinkers”. All volunteers were requested to refrain from oral hygiene measures throughout two 10‐day periods when they rinsed twice a day with the preparation randomly allocated for the respective period. During both periods the members of the groups excluded coffee, red wine and port from their diet. The tea drinking group consumed seven cups of tea per day. Tooth and tongue staining was recorded for extent and severity at the end of each period. The amount of stain accumulating in the two groups was similar following the use of chlorhexidine and alexidine. However, for both chlorhexidine and alexidine the extent and severity of tooth and tongue staining were significantly increased in the tea drinking group. Anin vitrostudy of tea staining of perspex blocks exposed twice a day to 0.035% solutions of alexidine or chlorhexidine throughout a 5‐day period demonstrated significantly more staining with alexidine when measured spectrophotometrically. Visually however, the differences in the specimens were minimal. Saliva treatment the perspex did not significantly alter the staining by alexidine or chlorhexidine. The results provide further evidence for a dietary aetiology to the staining associated with cationic antiseptics. However, alexidine at the concentration used offered no advantage in reducing the side effect of staining when compared w

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02033.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect on gingivitis of monthly professional toothcleaning, without oral hygiene instruction, was evaluated in 103, 7‐ to 11‐year‐old Brazilian children.Plaque and gingivitis (P1I and GI) were recorded initially and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 years.The baseline examination showed a similar high level of plaque (P1I ∼ 1.55) and low level of gingivitis (GI ∼ 0.32) around permanent teeth of both lest and control groups. The test children were given monthly professional toothcleaning followed by topical application of fluoride gel (APF), totaling 32 sessions.At all annual follow‐up examinations, the mean P1I in the test group was significantly lower than in the control group. However, even in the test group, at least 20% of the tooth surfaces harbored plaque. In spite of this, no child in the test group showed overt gingivitis (mean individual GI ≥ 1.0) and the distribution of “GI score = 2” was very low. In the control group the percentage of children with overt gingivitis increased from 3% at the baseline to 20% at the final examination and areas scoring GI = 2 doubled in number.It is suggested that for young children, monthly thorough removal of plaque is sufficient to prevent the developm

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present report describes the result of a clinical trial in which a group of adults have been maintained on a proper oral hygiene standard over a 6‐year period. In 1971–72, 375 individuals were recruited to a test group and 180 to a control group. During the 6 years of trial, 65 persons from the test group and 34 controls were lost. The patients were divided into three age groups; I50 years. The members of the test and control groups were first subjected to aBaseline examinationwhich included assessments of oral hygiene, gingivitis, periodontal disease and caries. Following this examination all caries lesions were treated and ill‐fitting dental restorations adjusted. Each patient was also given a detailed case presentation and a dental prophylaxis. The control group patients were not involved in any further dental health programs during the subsequent 6‐year period. Once a year, however, they were recalled to a public dental health clinic for examination and received symptomatic dental treatment. The test group participants, on the other hand, were given a preventive treatment, repeated once every 2–3 months which included (1) instruction and practice in oral hygiene techniques and (2) meticulous prophylaxis.The patients were re‐examined 3 and 6 years after the baseline examination. At theFollow‐up examinationsthe parameters studied at theBaseline examinationwere recorded again. The findings demonstrated that a preventive program which stimulates individuals to adopt proper oral hygiene habits may resolve gingivitis and prevent progression of periodontal disease and caries. Traditional dental care, on the other hand, did not prevent the progression of caries and periodon

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present investigation was to study the potential for new attachment to root surfaces which 1) had become devoid of attachment either by mechanical removal or in conjunction with experimental periodontal tissue breakdown and 2) subsequently had been conditioned with citric acid. Three adult monkeys(Macaca cynomolgus)were used. Periodontal pockets were produced during a 2–6‐month period around the maxillary central incisors and first and second premolars and around the mandibular central incisors by the placement of orthodontic elastics. Surgical treatment of the pockets was carried out with the use of a flap procedure. During surgery, the roots of the premolars on the right side of the jaws were first scaled and planed and subsequently treated with citric acid. Citric acid conditioning was not performed on the premolars of the left side. In the front tooth regions the surgical treatment included citric acid conditioning of the mandibular central incisors in two animals and of the maxillary central incisors in one animal.Surgical procedures were also carried out around the mandibular second premolars and first molars which had not been exposed to periodontal tissue breakdown. Folio wing flap elevation, the buccal bone plate was mechanically removed within an area corresponding to that of bone loss produced by the experimental periodontitis model in the maxillary premolars. The cementum layer of the surgically denuded portion of the roots was removed by root planing.In all treated teeth, a notch was prepared in the buccal root surfaces at the level of the alveolar bone crest. Six months following treatment the animals were sacrificed and histologic sections prepared. Linear measurements were made along the root surface from the apical border of the prepared notch to the apical termination of the junctional epithelium and to the crest of the alveolar bone.The results demonstrated that cementum formation and new connective tissue attachment did not occur on root surfaces previously exposed to periodontal pockets and subsequently subjected to scaling and root planing or on root surfaces surgically deprived of their supporting bone and previously “non‐exposed” cementum layer. Cementum formation and new connective tissue attachment also failed to occur following citric acid conditioning of root dentin surfaces. In all sections representing all three treatment groups, the attachment between the gingiva and the root was established by e

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY